Invitro evaluation of interactions between cylindrospermopsin and water contaminants, arsenic and cadmium, in two human immune cell lines.

Autor: Casas-Rodríguez A; Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, Professor García González n°2, 41012, Sevilla, Spain., Šentjurc T; Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia., Diez-Quijada L; Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, Professor García González n°2, 41012, Sevilla, Spain., Pichardo S; Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, Professor García González n°2, 41012, Sevilla, Spain. Electronic address: spichardo@us.es., Žegura B; Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia., Jos A; Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, Professor García González n°2, 41012, Sevilla, Spain., Cameán AM; Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, Professor García González n°2, 41012, Sevilla, Spain.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Chemosphere [Chemosphere] 2024 Nov; Vol. 368, pp. 143727. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Nov 20.
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143727
Abstrakt: Cylindrospermopsin (CYN), a cyanotoxin with worldwide distribution, is gaining increased attention due to its bioaccumulation potential and toxicological effects. Previous research suggests that CYN may interact with other environmental contaminants, potentially amplifying its toxicity. To address this concern, the present study investigated the combined effects of CYN with arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) on human immune cell lines, Jurkat and THP-1. Cytotoxicity tests showed that As and Cd significantly decreased the viability of both cell lines after 24 and 48 h of exposure. The EC 50 (24 h) values for Jurkat cells were 13.15 ± 1.97 (As) and 36.92 ± 3.77 μM (Cd), respectively, while for THP-1, the EC 50 (24 h) values were 46.48 ± 0.17 for As and 55.09 ± 4.98 μM for Cd. Furthermore, individual contaminants and their mixtures with CYN impaired monocyte differentiation into macrophages. The effect on mRNA expression of some cytokines (TNF-α, INF-γ, IL-2, IL-6 and IL-8) was also assessed. In the Jurkat cell line, As upregulated IL-8 expression while Cd increased the expression of all interleukins. Exposure to binary combinations (CYN + As, and CYN + Cd) increased IL-2 and INF-γ expression. In THP-1 cells, As elevated IL-8 and INF-γ expression, whereas Cd caused an increase in TNF-α and INF-γ expression. Exposure to CYN + As up-regulated IL-8 and INF-γ expression, while the CYN + Cd combination down-regulated TNF-α expression. These findings highlight the complex interactions between contaminants, emphasizing the need for evaluating combined effects in risk assessments.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests:Angeles Jos reports financial support was provided by SPANISH MINISTERIO DE CIENCIA E INNOVACIÓN. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
(Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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