Photodynamic inactivation strategies for maximizing antifungal effect against Sporothrix spp. and Candida albicans in an in vitro investigation.

Autor: Rocha AR; PPG Biotec, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil.; São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil., Inada NM; São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil., da Silva AP; São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil., Bagnato VS; PPG Biotec, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil.; São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil.; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, United States of America., Buzzá HH; Institute of Physics, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: PLoS neglected tropical diseases [PLoS Negl Trop Dis] 2024 Nov 12; Vol. 18 (11), pp. e0012637. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Nov 12 (Print Publication: 2024).
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012637
Abstrakt: Background: Sporotrichosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the dimorphic fungus Sporothrix spp., leading to skin lesions that can, in some cases, progress and result in the death of infected individuals. Candida albicans is another fungus involved in several skin, oral, and vaginal mucosal infections. Fungal diseases are concerning due to increasing incidence and the limited variety of antifungal classes available for treatment. Furthermore, antifungal medications can cause various side effects, exacerbated by their prolonged use during infection treatment. There is a need to explore alternatives to conventional drugs that are effective, fast, and safe in combating sporotrichosis. This study aimed to achieve in vitro elimination of the fungi Sporothrix brasiliensis and Sporothrix schenckii through Photodynamic Inactivation (PDI), using curcumin as a photosensitizer and in combination with antifungal agents used in the treatment of sporotrichosis.
Methodology: Yeasts of Candida albicans, Sporothrix brasiliensis, and Sporothrix schenckii were subjected to Photodynamic Inactivation (PDI) using light at a wavelength of 450 ± 10 nm, irradiance of 35 mW/cm2, delivering a fluence of 31.5 J/cm2, with curcumin as the photosensitizer at doses ranging from 0.75 to 150 μg/mL. After determining the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values of the antifungal drugs itraconazole, ketoconazole, and potassium iodide, sub-MIC doses of these antifungals were combined with sub-MIC doses of curcumin in a new PDI session.
Conclusion: Photodynamic inactivation is a promising technique in the treatment of sporotrichosis, as well as its combination with antifungals. The combination of curcumin in concentrations ranging from 0.75 g/mL a 7.5 g/mL with sub-MIC concentrations of itraconazole, ketoconazole, and potassium iodide was able to completely inactivate the fungi C. albicans, S. brasiliensis and S. schenckii, indicating that PDI may increase the effectiveness of antifungals. However, further studies are needed to establish protocols for future clinical applications.
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
(Copyright: © 2024 Rocha et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
Nepřihlášeným uživatelům se plný text nezobrazuje