Assessing COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness and Risk Factors for Severe Outcomes through Machine Learning Techniques: A Real-World Data Study in Andalusia, Spain.

Autor: Serrano-Ortiz Á; Preventive Medicine and Public Health Unit, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain.; Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Group, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain.; Preventive Medicine and Public Health Unit, Healthcare Management Area: South of Córdoba, Cabra, Córdoba, Spain., Romero-Cabrera JL; Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.; CIBEROBN (CIBER in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain., Monserrat Villatoro J; Health District of Córdoba and Guadalquivir, Córdoba, Spain.; Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain., Cordero-Ramos J; Pharmaceutical Management Department, Extremadura Health Service, Mérida, Spain.; Hospital Pharmacy, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, Seville, Spain.; Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS)/University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Sevilla, Seville, Spain., Ruiz-Montero R; Preventive Medicine and Public Health Unit, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain.; Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Group, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain.; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain., Ritoré Á; Big Data Department, PMC-FPS, Regional Ministry of Health and Consumer Affairs, Seville, Spain., Dopazo J; Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS)/University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Sevilla, Seville, Spain.; Computational Medicine Platform, Andalusian Public Foundation Progress and Health-FPS, Seville, Spain., Del Diego Salas J; Directorate General of Public Health and Pharmaceutical Regulation, Ministry of Health and Consumer Affairs of the Regional Government of Andalusia, Seville, Spain., García Sánchez V; Management Directorate of Andalusian Health Service, Ministry of Health and Consumer Affairs of the Regional Government of Andalusia, Seville, Spain.; Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain., Salcedo-Leal I; Preventive Medicine and Public Health Unit, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain.; Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Group, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain.; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain., Armengol de la Hoz MÁ; Big Data Department, PMC-FPS, Regional Ministry of Health and Consumer Affairs, Seville, Spain. mangel.armengol@juntadeandalucia.es., Túnez I; Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain.; Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain.; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.; General Secretariat of Public Health and Research, Development and Innovation in Health, Ministry of Health and Consumer Affairs of the Regional Government of Andalusia, Seville, Spain., Guzmán MÁ; Andalusian Public Healthcare System, Andalusia, Spain.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Journal of epidemiology and global health [J Epidemiol Glob Health] 2024 Dec; Vol. 14 (4), pp. 1504-1517. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Nov 11.
DOI: 10.1007/s44197-024-00298-2
Abstrakt: Background: COVID-19 vaccination has become a pivotal global strategy in managing the pandemic. Despite COVID-19 no longer being classified as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern, the virus continues affecting people worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate risk factors and vaccine effectiveness on COVID-19-related hospital admissions, intensive care unit (ICU) admission and mortality within the Andalusian population throughout the pandemic.
Methods: From March 2020 to April 2022, 671,229 individuals, out of 9,283,485 with electronic health records in Andalusia, experienced SARS-CoV-2 infection and were included in the analysis. Data on demographics, medical history, vaccine administration, and hospitalization records were collected. Associations between medical history, COVID-19 vaccines, and COVID-19 outcomes were assessed.
Results: Our study identified 48,196 hospital admissions, 5,057 ICU admissions, and 11,289 deaths linked to COVID-19. Age, male sex, and chronic diseases were identified as risk factors, while the COVID-19 vaccine demonstrated protective effects, although with reduced effectiveness during the omicron variant period. However, the risk for these outcomes increased over time after receiving the last vaccine dose, particularly after six months, especially among those aged 60 or older.
Conclusion: The global health challenge of COVID-19 persists, marked by emerging variants with higher virulence and severity, particularly among the unvaccinated and those beyond six months post-vaccination, especially those aged 60 and above. These findings highlight the need for robust surveillance systems targeting new variants and administering booster doses, particularly for individuals aged 60 or older with underlying health conditions, to mitigate the global burden of COVID-19.
Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics Approval: The Clinical Research Ethics Committee of Andalusia (CCEIBA in Spanish) approved the research protocol for this study (010722 (Act 07/22), FPS-VAC-2022-01). This study was an epidemiological study including anonymized data, and the analysis was performed in Andalusian servers of the public healthcare system, and was not required to obtain informed consent from the patients. We conducted this study in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and the Spanish Law on the Protection of Personal Data and Guarantee of Digital Rights (3/2018 of December 5). Consent to Participate: Not applicable. Competing Interests: The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.
(© 2024. The Author(s).)
Databáze: MEDLINE
Externí odkaz: