Investigating the relationship between β-carotene intake from diet and supplements, smoking, and lung cancer risk.

Autor: Bates CA; H.B. Fuller, St. Paul, MN, USA(1). Electronic address: cabates8794@gmail.com., Vincent MJ; ToxStrategies, Inc., Cincinnati, OH, USA(1)., Buerger AN; ToxStrategies, Inc., Cincinnati, OH, USA(1)., Santamaria AB; Toxicology Safety Evaluations, LLC, Houston, TX, USA(1)., Maier A; Integral Consulting, Inc., Cincinnati, OH, USA(1)., Jack M; American Beverage Association, Washington DC, USA.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association [Food Chem Toxicol] 2024 Dec; Vol. 194, pp. 115104. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Nov 09.
DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.115104
Abstrakt: β-carotene is a naturally occurring and safe dietary source of vitamin A that is associated with cancer risk reductions when consumed in typical dietary amounts. However, two clinical trials reported increased incidence of lung cancer and total mortality among heavy smokers taking β-carotene supplements (20 or 30 mg/day). Based on these findings, the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives withdrew Acceptable Daily Intake values for β-carotene (0-5 mg/kg bw). We evaluated relevant epidemiological and toxicological literature to assess the biological plausibility of this relationship and identified three mechanisms involving cellular proliferation signaling, a mode of action for cancer promotion. The overall weight of evidence consistently demonstrated typical dietary doses of β-carotene decreased cellular proliferation signaling via these mechanisms, even in the presence of smoke, while co-exposure to smoke and higher, supplemental doses increased cellular proliferation signaling through these same pathways. The production of excessive oxidative β-carotene metabolites via reactions with smoke constituents may be a key event underlying this relationship. Consistent with previous findings, our evaluation indicated consumption of up to 50 mg/day β-carotene does not present safety concerns for the non-smoking general population. Heavy smokers consuming less than 15 mg β-carotene/day are not expected to be at an increased risk of lung cancer.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
(Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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