| Autor: |
Carvalho BFDC; Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Câmpus São José dos Campos, Av. Eng. Francisco José Longo, 777, São Dimas, São José dos Campos 12245-000, São Paulo, Brazil., Faria NC; Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Câmpus São José dos Campos, Av. Eng. Francisco José Longo, 777, São Dimas, São José dos Campos 12245-000, São Paulo, Brazil., Silva KCS; Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Câmpus São José dos Campos, Av. Eng. Francisco José Longo, 777, São Dimas, São José dos Campos 12245-000, São Paulo, Brazil., Greenfield E; Technology Research Center (NPT), Universidade Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes 08780-911, São Paulo, Brazil., Alves MGO; Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Câmpus São José dos Campos, Av. Eng. Francisco José Longo, 777, São Dimas, São José dos Campos 12245-000, São Paulo, Brazil., Dias M; Dempster MS Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-040, São Paulo, Brazil., Mendes MA; Dempster MS Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-040, São Paulo, Brazil., Pérez-Sayáns M; Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit (MedOralRes), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.; ORALRES Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.; Instituto de los Materiales de Santiago de Compostela (iMATUS), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain., Almeida JD; Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Câmpus São José dos Campos, Av. Eng. Francisco José Longo, 777, São Dimas, São José dos Campos 12245-000, São Paulo, Brazil. |
| Abstrakt: |
In recent years, the use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) has increased. However, their long-term effects on oral health and saliva remain poorly understood. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the saliva of e-cig users and investigate possible biomarkers. Participants were divided into two groups: the Electronic Cigarette Group (EG)-25 regular and exclusive e-cig users-and Control Group (CG)-25 non-smokers and non-e-cig users, matched in sex and age to the EG. The clinical analysis included the following parameters: age, sex, heart rate, oximetry, capillary blood glucose, carbon monoxide (CO) concentration in exhaled air, and alcohol use disorder identification test (AUDIT). Qualitative and quantitative analyses of saliva included sialometry, viscosity, pH, and cotinine concentrations. Furthermore, the EG and CG salivary metabolomes were compared using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test. The MetaboAnalyst 6.0 software was used for statistical analysis and biomarker evaluation. The EG showed high means for exhaled CO concentration and AUDIT but lower means for oximetry and salivary viscosity. Furthermore, 10 metabolites (isoleucine, 2-hydroxyglutaric acid, 3-phenyl-lactic acid, linoleic acid, 3-hydroxybutyric acid, 1,6-anhydroglucose, glucuronic acid, valine, stearic acid, and elaidic acid) were abundant in EG but absent in CG. It was concluded that e-cig users had high rates of alcohol consumption and experienced significant impacts on their general health, including increased cotinine and CO concentration in exhaled air, decreased oximetry, and low salivary viscosity. Furthermore, they showed a notable increase in salivary metabolites, especially those related to inflammation, xenobiotic metabolism, and biomass-burning pathways. |
