| Autor: |
Filippova VA; Department of Large Livestock Husbandry, St. Petersburg State Agrarian University, St. Petersburg-Pushkin 196605, Russia.; BIOTROF LLC, St. Petersburg 196602, Russia., Ilina LA; Department of Large Livestock Husbandry, St. Petersburg State Agrarian University, St. Petersburg-Pushkin 196605, Russia.; BIOTROF LLC, St. Petersburg 196602, Russia., Yildirim EA; Department of Large Livestock Husbandry, St. Petersburg State Agrarian University, St. Petersburg-Pushkin 196605, Russia.; BIOTROF LLC, St. Petersburg 196602, Russia., Ponomareva ES; BIOTROF LLC, St. Petersburg 196602, Russia., Kluchnikova IA; BIOTROF LLC, St. Petersburg 196602, Russia., Dubrovin AV; Department of Large Livestock Husbandry, St. Petersburg State Agrarian University, St. Petersburg-Pushkin 196605, Russia.; BIOTROF LLC, St. Petersburg 196602, Russia.; Faculty of Biotechnologies, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia., Kalitkina KA; Department of Large Livestock Husbandry, St. Petersburg State Agrarian University, St. Petersburg-Pushkin 196605, Russia.; BIOTROF LLC, St. Petersburg 196602, Russia., Zaikin VA; BIOTROF LLC, St. Petersburg 196602, Russia., Laptev GY; Department of Large Livestock Husbandry, St. Petersburg State Agrarian University, St. Petersburg-Pushkin 196605, Russia.; BIOTROF LLC, St. Petersburg 196602, Russia. |
| Abstrakt: |
Clostridioides difficile currently constitutes a major pathogen of the gastrointestinal tract, which poses a significant growing burden on medicine and veterinary medicine in many regions. A farm was assessed (feed table, silage pit, and feces (healthy animals, emaciated animals, and animals with mastitis)) for the presence of C. difficile toxins using the PCR method and for the microbiome in cow feed and feces using NGS technology, one month apart. C. difficile toxin A and binary toxin were detected in feed samples. C. difficile toxin genes were found in the feces of sick animals two to three times more often than in healthy animals. Analysis of the microbial community of cow feces revealed that, during the month, the animals experienced major changes in the community structure associated with the accumulation of pathogenic bacteria, in particular Paeniclostridium sp., as well as with the development of methanogenic archaea of the Methanobacteriaceae and associated microorganisms (Lachnospiraceae and Anaerovoracaceae), which may speak of a decrease in feed efficiency and, subsequently, animal productivity. Thus, it seems likely that C. difficile enters the gastrointestinal tract of animals through feed, while animals weakened by diseases are more sensitive to the reproduction of pathogens in the GIT due to a weakened organism. |
