Estimating monthly NO 2 , O 3 , and SO 2 concentrations via an ensemble three-stage procedure with downscaled satellite remote sensing data and ground measurements.

Autor: Chen CC; Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan; Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan. Electronic address: ccchen@nhri.edu.tw., Wang YR; Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan., Wang FC; Center for Space and Remote Sensing Research, National Central University., Shiu YS; Department of Urban Planning and Spatial Information, Feng Chia University, Taiwan., Wu CF; Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taiwan., Lin TH; Center for Space and Remote Sensing Research, National Central University. Electronic address: thlin@csrsr.ncu.edu.tw.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Journal of hazardous materials [J Hazard Mater] 2024 Dec 05; Vol. 480, pp. 136392. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Nov 02.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.136392
Abstrakt: The gaseous air pollutants nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), ozone (O 3 ), and sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), in addition to particulate matter (PM 2.5 ), are known to be associated with many adverse health effects. However, exposure estimates may not be available in rural or mountainous areas without monitoring stations. In this study, we retrieved satellite remote sensing data for NO 2 , O 3 , and SO 2 from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) L3 products. Together with ground measurements (air monitoring stations and meteorological and land use data), we estimated the monthly NO 2 , O 3 , and SO 2 concentrations with a spatial resolution of 3×3 km across Taiwan from 2005 to 2019. A three-stage estimation procedure was utilized: in Stage 1, an ensemble generalized additive model (GAM) and machine learning method were used to determine the spatiotemporal variations; in Stage 2, the remote sensing data were downscaled; and in Stage 3, the downscaled concentrations were reused in the Stage 1 procedure for fine-tuning estimations. We obtained overall leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) R 2 values ranging from 0.927-0.950, 0.704-0.721, and 0.601-0.716, and root-mean-square-errors (RMSEs) ranging from 1.59-2.28, 3.81-4.18, and 0.67-1.32 ppb for NO 2 , O 3 , and SO 2 , respectively, via the random forest procedure. The annual NO 2 and SO 2 concentrations greatly improved from 2005-2019, especially in the western residential area of Taiwan. However, despite these improvements in air quality, the annual O 3 concentrations tended to increase from 2015-2019. This might be due to the complex mixtures of precursors (e.g., NO 2 ), atmospheric circulation, barriers of the Central Mountain Ridge, and increasing ground temperatures over the past decade. The proposed multistage estimation procedure performed well over the whole island with complex terrain and topography. The study outcomes may provide epidemiological information for long-term ambient exposure estimates and guidance for future administrative policies.
Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Chu-Chih Chen reports financial support was provided by National Science and Technology Council. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
(Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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