Advancing Photodynamic Therapy with Nano-Conjugated Hypocrellin: Mechanisms and Clinical Applications.
| Autor: | Rajan SS; Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa., Chandran R; Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa., Abrahamse H; Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa. |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Zdroj: | International journal of nanomedicine [Int J Nanomedicine] 2024 Nov 01; Vol. 19, pp. 11023-11038. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Nov 01 (Print Publication: 2024). |
| DOI: | 10.2147/IJN.S486014 |
| Abstrakt: | Hypocrellin-based photodynamic therapy (PDT) is developing as a viable cancer therapeutic option, especially when enhanced by nanoconjugation. This review investigates the methods by which nano-conjugated hypocrellin enhances therapeutic efficacy and precision when targeting cancer cells. These nanoconjugates encapsulate or covalently bind hypocrellin photosensitizers (PSs), allowing them to accumulate preferentially in malignancies. When activated by light, the nanoconjugates produce singlet oxygen and other reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in oxidative stress that selectively destroys cancer cells while protecting healthy tissues. We look at how they can be used to treat a variety of cancers. Clinical and preclinical studies show that they have advantages such as increased water solubility, improved tumor penetration, longer circulation times, and tailored delivery, all of which contribute to fewer off-target effects and overall toxicity. Ongoing research focuses on improving these nanoconjugates for better tumor targeting, drug release kinetics, and overcoming biological obstacles. Furthermore, the incorporation of developing technologies such as stimuli-responsive nanocarriers and combination therapies opens exciting opportunities for enhancing hypocrellin-based PDT. In conclusion, the combination of hypocrellin and nanotechnology constitutes a significant approach to cancer treatment, increasing the efficacy and safety of PDT. Future research will seek to create conjugates including hypocrellin, herceptin, and gold nanoparticles to induce apoptosis in human breast cancer cells in vitro, opening possibilities for therapeutic applications. Competing Interests: There are no disclosed conflicts of interest by the authors of this study. (© 2024 Rajan et al.) |
| Databáze: | MEDLINE |
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