Nepali oral microbiomes reflect a gradient of lifestyles from traditional to industrialized.

Autor: Ryu EP; Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA., Gautam Y; Genetic Heritage Group, Program in Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE., Proctor DM; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA., Bhandari D; Public Health Research Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal.; School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia., Tandukar S; Public Health Research Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal.; Organization for Public Health and Environment Management, Lalitpur, Bagmati, Nepal., Gupta M; Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.; Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Philadelphia, PA, USA., Gautam GP; Department of Geography, Tribhuvan University, Nepalgunj, Nepal., Relman DA; Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.; Section of Infectious Diseases, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA., Shibl AA; Genetic Heritage Group, Program in Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE.; Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, and Public Health Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE., Sherchand JB; Public Health Research Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal., Jha AR; Genetic Heritage Group, Program in Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE. jhaar@nyu.edu.; Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, and Public Health Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE. jhaar@nyu.edu., Davenport ER; Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA. emily.davenport@psu.edu.; Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA. emily.davenport@psu.edu.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Microbiome [Microbiome] 2024 Nov 04; Vol. 12 (1), pp. 228. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Nov 04.
DOI: 10.1186/s40168-024-01941-7
Abstrakt: Background: Lifestyle plays an important role in shaping the gut microbiome. However, its contributions to the oral microbiome remain less clear, due to the confounding effects of geography and methodology in investigations of populations studied to date. Furthermore, while the oral microbiome seems to differ between foraging and industrialized populations, we lack insight into whether transitions to and away from agrarian lifestyles shape the oral microbiota. Given the growing interest in so-called "vanishing microbiomes" potentially being a risk factor for increased disease prevalence in industrialized populations, it is important that we distinguish lifestyle from geography in the study of microbiomes across populations.
Results: Here, we investigate salivary microbiomes of 63 Nepali individuals representing a spectrum of lifestyles: foraging, subsistence farming (individuals that transitioned from foraging to farming within the last 50 years), agriculturalists (individuals that have transitioned to farming for at least 300 years), and industrialists (expatriates that immigrated to the USA within the last 20 years). We characterize the role of lifestyle in microbial diversity, identify microbes that differ between lifestyles, and pinpoint specific lifestyle factors that may be contributing to differences in the microbiomes across populations. Contrary to prevailing views, when geography is controlled for, oral microbiome alpha diversity does not differ significantly across lifestyles. Microbiome composition, however, follows the gradient of lifestyles from foraging through agrarianism to industrialism, supporting the notion that lifestyle indeed plays a role in the oral microbiome. Relative abundances of several individual taxa, including Streptobacillus and an unclassified Porphyromonadaceae genus, also mirror lifestyle. Finally, we identify specific lifestyle factors associated with microbiome composition across the gradient of lifestyles, including smoking and grain sources.
Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that by studying populations within Nepal, we can isolate an important role of lifestyle in determining oral microbiome composition. In doing so, we highlight the potential contributions of several lifestyle factors, underlining the importance of carefully examining the oral microbiome across lifestyles to improve our understanding of global microbiomes. Video Abstract.
(© 2024. The Author(s).)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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