Update on Mpox Management: Epidemiology, Vaccines and Therapeutics, and Regulatory Changes.

Autor: Rizk Y; Division of Family Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Lebanese American University Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon., Lippi G; Section of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy., Henry BM; Clinical Laboratory, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA., Notarte KI; Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA., Rizk JG; Department of Practice, Sciences, and Health Outcomes Research, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. john.rizk@umaryland.edu.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Drugs [Drugs] 2024 Nov 05. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Nov 05.
DOI: 10.1007/s40265-024-02117-1
Abstrakt: Mpox, caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV), is categorized into two primary clades: Clade I and Clade II, with notable outbreaks linked to Clade IIb. Historically endemic in Africa, recent years have seen significant global spread. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared mpox a Public Health Emergency of International Concern in August 2024, highlighting the emergence of Clade Ib outside Africa and the broadening demographic impact of the outbreak. This review updates the current status of mpox vaccines and treatments, including their safety and effectiveness. There are two US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved vaccines for the prevention of mpox disease, Jynneos TM and ACAM2000 ® . The Jynneos TM vaccine, recommended for high-risk individuals, has seen limited uptake despite its efficacy in preventing disease. Tecovirimat, while FDA-approved for smallpox and available in the European Union for mpox, has shown mixed results in recent trials, with new data suggesting limited effectiveness in Clade I infections and emergence of new mutations with resistance to this drug. Brincidofovir and Vaccinia Immune Globulin Intravenous offer additional treatment options, particularly for severe cases, although their use is constrained by regulatory and logistical challenges. Furthermore, the WHO recently approved the first commercial molecular assay, the Alinity m MPXV assay by Abbott Molecular Inc., for emergency use-an essential step in expanding testing capacity in regions experiencing mpox outbreaks. These updates underscore the critical need for continued research to enhance therapeutic outcomes and adapt public health strategies. Ensuring equitable access to vaccines, treatments, and diagnostics remains a significant challenge as the global community responds to the evolving mpox situation.
(© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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