| Autor: |
Young S; Psychology Services Ltd., London, UK.; Department of Psychology, University of Reykjavik, Reykjavik, Iceland., Uysal O; Department of Biostatistics, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey., Kahle J; Department of Psychological Sciences, University of San Diego, San Diego, CA 92110, USA.; IHS International, San Diego, CA 92130, USA., Gudjonsson GH; Department of Psychology, University of Reykjavik, Reykjavik, Iceland.; Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK., Hollingdale J; Compass Psychology Services Ltd., Bristol, UK., Cortese S; Center for Innovation in Mental Health, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.; Clinical and Experimental Sciences (CNS and Psychiatry), Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.; Solent NHS Trust, Southampton, UK.; Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, New York University Child Study Center, New York, NY, USA.; Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK., Sakalli-Kani A; Department of Psychiatry, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey., Greer B; Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK., Cocallis K; Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Tyne and Wear, UK., Sylver N; National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland., Yilmaz UE; Department of Undersea and Hyperbaric Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey., Semerci B; Bengi Semerci Institute, Istanbul, Turkey., Kilic O; Department of Psychiatry, Bezmialem Vakif University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey. |
| Abstrakt: |
In the past decade, there have been substantial changes in diagnostic nomenclature. This study investigated sex differences in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptom severity based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-IV, DSM-IV(TR), and DSM-5 criteria, separating rating scale and clinical interview data in children and adults with ADHD. PubMed, PsycINFO, and Scopus were searched for published studies (1996-2021) reporting severity of attention, and hyperactivity/impulsivity in males and females. We compared data: (1) across the entire lifespan aggregating rating scale and clinical interview data (51 studies), (2) drawing solely on rating scale data (18 studies), and (3) drawing solely on clinical interview data (33 studies). Fifty-two studies met inclusion criteria comparing data for females ( n = 8423) and males ( n = 9985) with ADHD across childhood and/or adulthood. In total, 15 meta-analyses were conducted. Pooled data across the lifespan aggregating both rating scale and clinical diagnostic interview data, showed males had significantly more severe hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms than females. Rating scale data were similar; boys had significantly more severe hyperactivity/impulsivity than girls. In adulthood, men were rated to have significantly more severe inattention than women with no difference in the hyperactivity/impulsivity dimension. All significant differences were of small effect size. No significant sex differences in the severity of symptoms emerged for clinical interview data for children or adults, in contrast. Possible reasons for the discrepancy in findings between rating scales and clinical diagnostic interviews are discussed. |
