Examining the association between trenbolone, psychological distress, and aggression among males who use anabolic-androgenic steroids.

Autor: Piatkowski T; School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia; Griffith Centre for Mental Health, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. Electronic address: t.piatkowski@griffith.edu.au., De Andrade D; Griffith Centre for Mental Health, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Griffith Criminology Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia., Neumann D; School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia; Griffith Centre for Mental Health, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia., Tisdale C; National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia., Dunn M; School of Health and Social Development/Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: The International journal on drug policy [Int J Drug Policy] 2024 Dec; Vol. 134, pp. 104636. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Oct 31.
DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2024.104636
Abstrakt: Introduction: The link between anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) use and psychosocial effects such as aggression and violence is contentious. Few studies differentiate between types of AAS. This study focuses on trenbolone to assess its psychological risks and effects on aggression compared to other AAS. We hypothesised that there would be a positive relationship between trenbolone dosage and both psychological distress and aggression among people who use AAS.
Methods: Using purposive and snowball sampling of people using AAS, we conducted an online survey to investigate the relationship between trenbolone use and other AAS use. Participants completed sections on demographics, trenbolone and other illicit drug use, the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, and the Buss and Perry Aggression Questionnaire. Data were analysed using multinominal and multivariable regression.
Results: The study included 282 males using AAS. Over 33% (n=93) reported currently using trenbolone, with 55.3% (n=156) of participants reporting having used trenbolone in the past, and 11.7% (n=33) reporting having never used trenbolone. Those who had never used trenbolone were not significantly different on age, height, weight, and BMI compared to those who had. After controlling for age and BMI, dose of trenbolone was significantly (p=0.045) associated with higher levels of verbal aggression.
Conclusion: The study highlights trenbolone's association with increased verbal aggression among males using AAS, particularly at higher doses. Further research should continue to differentiate between AAS types and the accompanying health harms.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest None to declare.
(Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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