Evaluation of test-negative design estimates of influenza vaccine effectiveness in the context of multiple, co-circulating, vaccine preventable respiratory viruses.

Autor: Leis AM; University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States. Electronic address: aledat@umich.edu., Wagner A; University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States., Flannery B; Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States., Chung JR; Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States., Monto AS; University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States., Martin ET; University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Vaccine [Vaccine] 2024 Dec 02; Vol. 42 (26), pp. 126493. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Oct 30.
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126493
Abstrakt: Test-negative design (TND) studies are cornerstones of vaccine effectiveness (VE) monitoring for influenza. The introduction of SARS-CoV-2 and RSV vaccines complicate the analysis of this design, with control selection restriction based on other pathogen diagnosis proposed as a solution. We conducted a simulation study and secondary analysis of 2017-18 and 2018-19 TND estimates from a Southeast Michigan ambulatory population to evaluate RSV-status-based control restriction. Simulations suggest that with vaccine-preventable RSV, influenza VE could be moderately biased with RSV prevalence ≥25 % of controls. Real-world analysis showed 151 influenza-negative adults (10.4 %) had RSV detected from the enrollment nasal swab. There were minimal differences in results of adjusted models with or without RSV exclusion from control groups. Findings suggest that inclusion of RSV cases in the control group of TND studies for influenza VE, particularly where RSV is not vaccine preventable, does not currently pose a major concern for bias in VE estimates.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Emily Toth Martin reports financial support was provided by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Aleda Leis reports financial support was provided by National Institutes of Health. Emily Toth Martin reports a relationship with Merck that includes: funding grants. Emily Toth Martin reports a relationship with Centers for Disease Control and Prevention that includes: funding grants. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
(Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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