Geographical Access to Point-of-care diagnostic tests for diabetes, anaemia, Hepatitis B, and human immunodeficiency virus in the Bono Region, Ghana.

Autor: Ansu-Mensah M; Discipline of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa. manvam3@yahoo.com.; Sunyani Technical University Clinic, Sunyani, Bono Region, Ghana. manvam3@yahoo.com., Ginindza TG; Discipline of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa.; Cancer & Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Research Unit (CIDERU), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa., Amponsah SK; Department of Health Information Management, Christian Health Association of Ghana, Accra, Ghana., Shimbre MS; Discipline of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa., Bawontuo V; Department of Health Services Management and Administration, School of Business, SD Dombo University of Business and Integrated Development Studies, Wa, Ghana., Kuupiel D; Discipline of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa.; Department of Global Health and Sustainability, Faculty of Health Sciences, Durban University Technology, Durban, South Africa.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: BMC health services research [BMC Health Serv Res] 2024 Oct 29; Vol. 24 (1), pp. 1303. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Oct 29.
DOI: 10.1186/s12913-024-11830-2
Abstrakt: Background: Diabetes mellitus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B and anaemia are major global public health issues according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Access to diagnostic testing is essential for their prompt detection and treatment. The WHO has recommended a list of essential in-vitro diagnostics for testing at all levels of care. However, a survey preceding this study showed limited availability of point-of-care (POC) tests for these conditions in the Bono Region (BR) of Ghana. This study assessed the geographical access to diabetes, anaemia, hepatitis B, and HIV POC testing in the BR, Ghana for targeted improvement.
Methods: We gathered the geolocated data of 137 facilities (CHPS, Clinics, healthcare centres, and hospitals) in the BR that were providing glucose, haemoglobin (Hb), Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (Hep B), and HIV POC testing services in July 2022. We used ArcGIS 10.1 to quantify the geographical access (distance and travel time) to the nearest available testing site for each test and show places with inadequate access, for targeted improvement. The journey time was calculated assuming a speed of 20 kilometres (km)/h. ArcMap 10.1 was employed to run spatial autocorrelation (Moran Index (MI)) to determine the spatial distribution of the facilities providing the tests investigated.
Results: Of the 137 facilities, the glucose test was available in 67 (49%), the Hb test in 55 (40%), the Hep B test in 44 (32%), and the HIV test in 73 (53%). The mean (standard deviation (SD)) for obtaining glucose tests in the region was 7.4 ± 3.7 km, Hb was 8.1 ± 4.06 km, Hep B was 8.2 ± 4.1 km, and HIV test was 7.3 ± 3.7 km by a motorised cycle. The mean SD travel time in the region to obtain the glucose test was 94.4 ± 47.2 min compared to 95.7 ± 47.8 min for Hb, 95.9 ± 47.93 min for Hep B, and 92.7 ± 46.3 min for the HIV test. Three districts (Berekum East, Dormaa East, and Jaman North) recorded shorter distances (< 10 km) and a shorter travel time to the glucose, Hb, Hep B, and HIV tests compared to the Banda district, which recorded more than 10 km for all tests investigated. Positive IM values were recorded for all the POC tests, suggesting that the health facilities providing the glucose, Hb, Hep B, and HIV tests in the BR were spatially distributed at random.
Conclusions: The findings revealed moderate access to all the tests in districts across the region. However, geographical access to glucose, Hb, Hep B, and HIV POC testing was poor (distance ≥ 10 km and travel time of ≥ 93 min), in the Banda district. This study showed the need to prioritise the Banda district for targeted improvement for all the tests. A further study is recommended to identify potential solutions to addressing the POC testing implementation in the BR, as demonstrated by this study.
(© 2024. The Author(s).)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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