| Autor: |
Ferraguti G; Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy., Fanfarillo F; Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy., Nicotera S; Dipartimento della Pubblica Sicurezza, Direzione Centrale di Sanità, Centro di Ricerche e Laboratorio di Tossicologia Forense, Ministero dell'Interno, Roma., Terracina S; Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy., Moschella C; Dipartimento della Pubblica Sicurezza, Direzione Centrale di Sanità, Centro di Ricerche e Laboratorio di Tossicologia Forense, Ministero dell'Interno, Roma., Mattia A; Dipartimento della Pubblica Sicurezza, Direzione Centrale di Sanità, Centro di Ricerche e Laboratorio di Tossicologia Forense, Ministero dell'Interno, Roma., David MC; Dipartimento della Pubblica Sicurezza, Direzione Centrale di Sanità, Centro di Ricerche e Laboratorio di Tossicologia Forense, Ministero dell'Interno, Roma., Pichini S; National Centre on Addiction and Doping, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy., Coriale G; CRARL Lazio, ASL Roma 1, Italy., Fiorentino D; ASL Rieti, Italy., Ceccanti M; SITAC, Società Italiana per il Trattamento dell'Alcolismo e le sue Complicanze, Rome, Italy., Piccioni MG; Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy., Tarani L; Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy., Fiore M; Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC-CNR), Department of Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy. |
| Abstrakt: |
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) is an encompassing term used to describe a range of afflictions brought about by the consumption of alcohol during gestation. The detrimental effects primarily manifest in the central nervous system, growth, and distinctive facial features. Given that there are no known treatments for FASD, the meticulous screening for this condition in the earliest stages of pregnancy bears immense significance, ensuring the avoidance of the grievous consequences stemming from exposure to alcohol in utero. Screening measures for FASD encompass the assessment of alcohol biomarkers such as Phosphatidylethanol (PEth) in the maternal bloodstream, Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters (FAEEs) in the meconium, and Ethyl Glucuronide (EtG) in the meconium, maternal urine and hair. In particular, urinary EtG is highly sensitive and could be routinely used in pregnant women for detecting also occasional drinking. Questionnaire evaluations including AUDIT-C, T-ACE, and TWEAK, alongside a detailed Food Diary method to identify alcohol misuse and high-risk pregnancies, are also available. However, these questionnaires might provide an inadequate reflection of alcohol consumption in women due to their inclination to dissemble to comply with prevailing sociocultural expectations. Hence, this comprehensive review advocates for the indispensable integration of alcohol biomarkers detection in the course of pregnancy monitoring, as it constitutes a valuable tool for facilitating FASD screening. |
