Autoimmune Encephalitis and Paraneoplastic Neurologic Syndromes: A Nationwide Study on Epidemiology and Antibody Testing Performance.

Autor:	Kerstens J; From the Department of Neurology (J.K., J.M.V., R.F.N., J.B., Y.C., R.W.v.S., M.A.A.M.d.B., M.H.v.C.-H., A.E.M.B., M.V., S.C.F., M.M.P.N., M.P., P.A.E.S.S., M.J.T.); Department of Immunology (M.S., S.B., S.V.), Laboratory Medical Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (M.A.A.M.D.B.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg; Department of Neurology (A.v.S.), Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague; Central Diagnostic Laboratory (J.D.), Maastricht University Medical Center; Central Diagnostic Laboratory (H.G.O.); Department of Neurology (C.J.M.F.), Utrecht University Medical Center; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology (B.M.), Saint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein; Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Immunology (A.C.M.P.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg; Department of Neurology (A.M., C.C.D.); Clinical Laboratory (M.A.C.B.), Máxima Medical Center, Veldhoven; Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics (M.M.V.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen; and Department of Neurology (E.I.H.), Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, The Netherlands., Schreurs MWJ; From the Department of Neurology (J.K., J.M.V., R.F.N., J.B., Y.C., R.W.v.S., M.A.A.M.d.B., M.H.v.C.-H., A.E.M.B., M.V., S.C.F., M.M.P.N., M.P., P.A.E.S.S., M.J.T.); Department of Immunology (M.S., S.B., S.V.), Laboratory Medical Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (M.A.A.M.D.B.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg; Department of Neurology (A.v.S.), Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague; Central Diagnostic Laboratory (J.D.), Maastricht University Medical Center; Central Diagnostic Laboratory (H.G.O.); Department of Neurology (C.J.M.F.), Utrecht University Medical Center; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology (B.M.), Saint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein; Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Immunology (A.C.M.P.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg; Department of Neurology (A.M., C.C.D.); Clinical Laboratory (M.A.C.B.), Máxima Medical Center, Veldhoven; Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics (M.M.V.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen; and Department of Neurology (E.I.H.), Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, The Netherlands., de Vries JM; From the Department of Neurology (J.K., J.M.V., R.F.N., J.B., Y.C., R.W.v.S., M.A.A.M.d.B., M.H.v.C.-H., A.E.M.B., M.V., S.C.F., M.M.P.N., M.P., P.A.E.S.S., M.J.T.); Department of Immunology (M.S., S.B., S.V.), Laboratory Medical Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (M.A.A.M.D.B.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg; Department of Neurology (A.v.S.), Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague; Central Diagnostic Laboratory (J.D.), Maastricht University Medical Center; Central Diagnostic Laboratory (H.G.O.); Department of Neurology (C.J.M.F.), Utrecht University Medical Center; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology (B.M.), Saint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein; Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Immunology (A.C.M.P.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg; Department of Neurology (A.M., C.C.D.); Clinical Laboratory (M.A.C.B.), Máxima Medical Center, Veldhoven; Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics (M.M.V.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen; and Department of Neurology (E.I.H.), Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, The Netherlands., Neuteboom RF; From the Department of Neurology (J.K., J.M.V., R.F.N., J.B., Y.C., R.W.v.S., M.A.A.M.d.B., M.H.v.C.-H., A.E.M.B., M.V., S.C.F., M.M.P.N., M.P., P.A.E.S.S., M.J.T.); Department of Immunology (M.S., S.B., S.V.), Laboratory Medical Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (M.A.A.M.D.B.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg; Department of Neurology (A.v.S.), Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague; Central Diagnostic Laboratory (J.D.), Maastricht University Medical Center; Central Diagnostic Laboratory (H.G.O.); Department of Neurology (C.J.M.F.), Utrecht University Medical Center; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology (B.M.), Saint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein; Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Immunology (A.C.M.P.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg; Department of Neurology (A.M., C.C.D.); Clinical Laboratory (M.A.C.B.), Máxima Medical Center, Veldhoven; Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics (M.M.V.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen; and Department of Neurology (E.I.H.), Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, The Netherlands., Brenner J; From the Department of Neurology (J.K., J.M.V., R.F.N., J.B., Y.C., R.W.v.S., M.A.A.M.d.B., M.H.v.C.-H., A.E.M.B., M.V., S.C.F., M.M.P.N., M.P., P.A.E.S.S., M.J.T.); Department of Immunology (M.S., S.B., S.V.), Laboratory Medical Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (M.A.A.M.D.B.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg; Department of Neurology (A.v.S.), Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague; Central Diagnostic Laboratory (J.D.), Maastricht University Medical Center; Central Diagnostic Laboratory (H.G.O.); Department of Neurology (C.J.M.F.), Utrecht University Medical Center; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology (B.M.), Saint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein; Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Immunology (A.C.M.P.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg; Department of Neurology (A.M., C.C.D.); Clinical Laboratory (M.A.C.B.), Máxima Medical Center, Veldhoven; Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics (M.M.V.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen; and Department of Neurology (E.I.H.), Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, The Netherlands., Crijnen YS; From the Department of Neurology (J.K., J.M.V., R.F.N., J.B., Y.C., R.W.v.S., M.A.A.M.d.B., M.H.v.C.-H., A.E.M.B., M.V., S.C.F., M.M.P.N., M.P., P.A.E.S.S., M.J.T.); Department of Immunology (M.S., S.B., S.V.), Laboratory Medical Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (M.A.A.M.D.B.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg; Department of Neurology (A.v.S.), Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague; Central Diagnostic Laboratory (J.D.), Maastricht University Medical Center; Central Diagnostic Laboratory (H.G.O.); Department of Neurology (C.J.M.F.), Utrecht University Medical Center; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology (B.M.), Saint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein; Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Immunology (A.C.M.P.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg; Department of Neurology (A.M., C.C.D.); Clinical Laboratory (M.A.C.B.), Máxima Medical Center, Veldhoven; Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics (M.M.V.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen; and Department of Neurology (E.I.H.), Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, The Netherlands., van Steenhoven RW; From the Department of Neurology (J.K., J.M.V., R.F.N., J.B., Y.C., R.W.v.S., M.A.A.M.d.B., M.H.v.C.-H., A.E.M.B., M.V., S.C.F., M.M.P.N., M.P., P.A.E.S.S., M.J.T.); Department of Immunology (M.S., S.B., S.V.), Laboratory Medical Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (M.A.A.M.D.B.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg; Department of Neurology (A.v.S.), Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague; Central Diagnostic Laboratory (J.D.), Maastricht University Medical Center; Central Diagnostic Laboratory (H.G.O.); Department of Neurology (C.J.M.F.), Utrecht University Medical Center; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology (B.M.), Saint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein; Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Immunology (A.C.M.P.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg; Department of Neurology (A.M., C.C.D.); Clinical Laboratory (M.A.C.B.), Máxima Medical Center, Veldhoven; Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics (M.M.V.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen; and Department of Neurology (E.I.H.), Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, The Netherlands., de Bruijn MAAM; From the Department of Neurology (J.K., J.M.V., R.F.N., J.B., Y.C., R.W.v.S., M.A.A.M.d.B., M.H.v.C.-H., A.E.M.B., M.V., S.C.F., M.M.P.N., M.P., P.A.E.S.S., M.J.T.); Department of Immunology (M.S., S.B., S.V.), Laboratory Medical Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (M.A.A.M.D.B.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg; Department of Neurology (A.v.S.), Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague; Central Diagnostic Laboratory (J.D.), Maastricht University Medical Center; Central Diagnostic Laboratory (H.G.O.); Department of Neurology (C.J.M.F.), Utrecht University Medical Center; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology (B.M.), Saint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein; Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Immunology (A.C.M.P.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg; Department of Neurology (A.M., C.C.D.); Clinical Laboratory (M.A.C.B.), Máxima Medical Center, Veldhoven; Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics (M.M.V.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen; and Department of Neurology (E.I.H.), Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, The Netherlands., van Sonderen A; From the Department of Neurology (J.K., J.M.V., R.F.N., J.B., Y.C., R.W.v.S., M.A.A.M.d.B., M.H.v.C.-H., A.E.M.B., M.V., S.C.F., M.M.P.N., M.P., P.A.E.S.S., M.J.T.); Department of Immunology (M.S., S.B., S.V.), Laboratory Medical Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (M.A.A.M.D.B.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg; Department of Neurology (A.v.S.), Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague; Central Diagnostic Laboratory (J.D.), Maastricht University Medical Center; Central Diagnostic Laboratory (H.G.O.); Department of Neurology (C.J.M.F.), Utrecht University Medical Center; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology (B.M.), Saint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein; Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Immunology (A.C.M.P.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg; Department of Neurology (A.M., C.C.D.); Clinical Laboratory (M.A.C.B.), Máxima Medical Center, Veldhoven; Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics (M.M.V.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen; and Department of Neurology (E.I.H.), Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, The Netherlands., van Coevorden-Hameete MH; From the Department of Neurology (J.K., J.M.V., R.F.N., J.B., Y.C., R.W.v.S., M.A.A.M.d.B., M.H.v.C.-H., A.E.M.B., M.V., S.C.F., M.M.P.N., M.P., P.A.E.S.S., M.J.T.); Department of Immunology (M.S., S.B., S.V.), Laboratory Medical Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (M.A.A.M.D.B.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg; Department of Neurology (A.v.S.), Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague; Central Diagnostic Laboratory (J.D.), Maastricht University Medical Center; Central Diagnostic Laboratory (H.G.O.); Department of Neurology (C.J.M.F.), Utrecht University Medical Center; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology (B.M.), Saint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein; Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Immunology (A.C.M.P.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg; Department of Neurology (A.M., C.C.D.); Clinical Laboratory (M.A.C.B.), Máxima Medical Center, Veldhoven; Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics (M.M.V.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen; and Department of Neurology (E.I.H.), Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, The Netherlands., Bastiaansen AEM; From the Department of Neurology (J.K., J.M.V., R.F.N., J.B., Y.C., R.W.v.S., M.A.A.M.d.B., M.H.v.C.-H., A.E.M.B., M.V., S.C.F., M.M.P.N., M.P., P.A.E.S.S., M.J.T.); Department of Immunology (M.S., S.B., S.V.), Laboratory Medical Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (M.A.A.M.D.B.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg; Department of Neurology (A.v.S.), Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague; Central Diagnostic Laboratory (J.D.), Maastricht University Medical Center; Central Diagnostic Laboratory (H.G.O.); Department of Neurology (C.J.M.F.), Utrecht University Medical Center; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology (B.M.), Saint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein; Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Immunology (A.C.M.P.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg; Department of Neurology (A.M., C.C.D.); Clinical Laboratory (M.A.C.B.), Máxima Medical Center, Veldhoven; Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics (M.M.V.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen; and Department of Neurology (E.I.H.), Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, The Netherlands., Vermeiren MR; From the Department of Neurology (J.K., J.M.V., R.F.N., J.B., Y.C., R.W.v.S., M.A.A.M.d.B., M.H.v.C.-H., A.E.M.B., M.V., S.C.F., M.M.P.N., M.P., P.A.E.S.S., M.J.T.); Department of Immunology (M.S., S.B., S.V.), Laboratory Medical Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (M.A.A.M.D.B.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg; Department of Neurology (A.v.S.), Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague; Central Diagnostic Laboratory (J.D.), Maastricht University Medical Center; Central Diagnostic Laboratory (H.G.O.); Department of Neurology (C.J.M.F.), Utrecht University Medical Center; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology (B.M.), Saint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein; Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Immunology (A.C.M.P.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg; Department of Neurology (A.M., C.C.D.); Clinical Laboratory (M.A.C.B.), Máxima Medical Center, Veldhoven; Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics (M.M.V.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen; and Department of Neurology (E.I.H.), Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, The Netherlands., Damoiseaux JGMC; From the Department of Neurology (J.K., J.M.V., R.F.N., J.B., Y.C., R.W.v.S., M.A.A.M.d.B., M.H.v.C.-H., A.E.M.B., M.V., S.C.F., M.M.P.N., M.P., P.A.E.S.S., M.J.T.); Department of Immunology (M.S., S.B., S.V.), Laboratory Medical Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (M.A.A.M.D.B.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg; Department of Neurology (A.v.S.), Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague; Central Diagnostic Laboratory (J.D.), Maastricht University Medical Center; Central Diagnostic Laboratory (H.G.O.); Department of Neurology (C.J.M.F.), Utrecht University Medical Center; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology (B.M.), Saint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein; Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Immunology (A.C.M.P.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg; Department of Neurology (A.M., C.C.D.); Clinical Laboratory (M.A.C.B.), Máxima Medical Center, Veldhoven; Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics (M.M.V.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen; and Department of Neurology (E.I.H.), Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, The Netherlands., Otten HG; From the Department of Neurology (J.K., J.M.V., R.F.N., J.B., Y.C., R.W.v.S., M.A.A.M.d.B., M.H.v.C.-H., A.E.M.B., M.V., S.C.F., M.M.P.N., M.P., P.A.E.S.S., M.J.T.); Department of Immunology (M.S., S.B., S.V.), Laboratory Medical Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (M.A.A.M.D.B.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg; Department of Neurology (A.v.S.), Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague; Central Diagnostic Laboratory (J.D.), Maastricht University Medical Center; Central Diagnostic Laboratory (H.G.O.); Department of Neurology (C.J.M.F.), Utrecht University Medical Center; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology (B.M.), Saint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein; Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Immunology (A.C.M.P.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg; Department of Neurology (A.M., C.C.D.); Clinical Laboratory (M.A.C.B.), Máxima Medical Center, Veldhoven; Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics (M.M.V.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen; and Department of Neurology (E.I.H.), Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, The Netherlands., Frijns CJM; From the Department of Neurology (J.K., J.M.V., R.F.N., J.B., Y.C., R.W.v.S., M.A.A.M.d.B., M.H.v.C.-H., A.E.M.B., M.V., S.C.F., M.M.P.N., M.P., P.A.E.S.S., M.J.T.); Department of Immunology (M.S., S.B., S.V.), Laboratory Medical Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (M.A.A.M.D.B.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg; Department of Neurology (A.v.S.), Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague; Central Diagnostic Laboratory (J.D.), Maastricht University Medical Center; Central Diagnostic Laboratory (H.G.O.); Department of Neurology (C.J.M.F.), Utrecht University Medical Center; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology (B.M.), Saint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein; Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Immunology (A.C.M.P.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg; Department of Neurology (A.M., C.C.D.); Clinical Laboratory (M.A.C.B.), Máxima Medical Center, Veldhoven; Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics (M.M.V.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen; and Department of Neurology (E.I.H.), Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, The Netherlands., Meek B; From the Department of Neurology (J.K., J.M.V., R.F.N., J.B., Y.C., R.W.v.S., M.A.A.M.d.B., M.H.v.C.-H., A.E.M.B., M.V., S.C.F., M.M.P.N., M.P., P.A.E.S.S., M.J.T.); Department of Immunology (M.S., S.B., S.V.), Laboratory Medical Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (M.A.A.M.D.B.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg; Department of Neurology (A.v.S.), Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague; Central Diagnostic Laboratory (J.D.), Maastricht University Medical Center; Central Diagnostic Laboratory (H.G.O.); Department of Neurology (C.J.M.F.), Utrecht University Medical Center; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology (B.M.), Saint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein; Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Immunology (A.C.M.P.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg; Department of Neurology (A.M., C.C.D.); Clinical Laboratory (M.A.C.B.), Máxima Medical Center, Veldhoven; Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics (M.M.V.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen; and Department of Neurology (E.I.H.), Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, The Netherlands., Platteel ACM; From the Department of Neurology (J.K., J.M.V., R.F.N., J.B., Y.C., R.W.v.S., M.A.A.M.d.B., M.H.v.C.-H., A.E.M.B., M.V., S.C.F., M.M.P.N., M.P., P.A.E.S.S., M.J.T.); Department of Immunology (M.S., S.B., S.V.), Laboratory Medical Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (M.A.A.M.D.B.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg; Department of Neurology (A.v.S.), Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague; Central Diagnostic Laboratory (J.D.), Maastricht University Medical Center; Central Diagnostic Laboratory (H.G.O.); Department of Neurology (C.J.M.F.), Utrecht University Medical Center; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology (B.M.), Saint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein; Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Immunology (A.C.M.P.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg; Department of Neurology (A.M., C.C.D.); Clinical Laboratory (M.A.C.B.), Máxima Medical Center, Veldhoven; Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics (M.M.V.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen; and Department of Neurology (E.I.H.), Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, The Netherlands., van de Mortel A; From the Department of Neurology (J.K., J.M.V., R.F.N., J.B., Y.C., R.W.v.S., M.A.A.M.d.B., M.H.v.C.-H., A.E.M.B., M.V., S.C.F., M.M.P.N., M.P., P.A.E.S.S., M.J.T.); Department of Immunology (M.S., S.B., S.V.), Laboratory Medical Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (M.A.A.M.D.B.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg; Department of Neurology (A.v.S.), Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague; Central Diagnostic Laboratory (J.D.), Maastricht University Medical Center; Central Diagnostic Laboratory (H.G.O.); Department of Neurology (C.J.M.F.), Utrecht University Medical Center; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology (B.M.), Saint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein; Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Immunology (A.C.M.P.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg; Department of Neurology (A.M., C.C.D.); Clinical Laboratory (M.A.C.B.), Máxima Medical Center, Veldhoven; Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics (M.M.V.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen; and Department of Neurology (E.I.H.), Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, The Netherlands., Delnooz CCS; From the Department of Neurology (J.K., J.M.V., R.F.N., J.B., Y.C., R.W.v.S., M.A.A.M.d.B., M.H.v.C.-H., A.E.M.B., M.V., S.C.F., M.M.P.N., M.P., P.A.E.S.S., M.J.T.); Department of Immunology (M.S., S.B., S.V.), Laboratory Medical Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (M.A.A.M.D.B.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg; Department of Neurology (A.v.S.), Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague; Central Diagnostic Laboratory (J.D.), Maastricht University Medical Center; Central Diagnostic Laboratory (H.G.O.); Department of Neurology (C.J.M.F.), Utrecht University Medical Center; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology (B.M.), Saint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein; Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Immunology (A.C.M.P.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg; Department of Neurology (A.M., C.C.D.); Clinical Laboratory (M.A.C.B.), Máxima Medical Center, Veldhoven; Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics (M.M.V.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen; and Department of Neurology (E.I.H.), Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, The Netherlands., Broeren MAC; From the Department of Neurology (J.K., J.M.V., R.F.N., J.B., Y.C., R.W.v.S., M.A.A.M.d.B., M.H.v.C.-H., A.E.M.B., M.V., S.C.F., M.M.P.N., M.P., P.A.E.S.S., M.J.T.); Department of Immunology (M.S., S.B., S.V.), Laboratory Medical Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (M.A.A.M.D.B.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg; Department of Neurology (A.v.S.), Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague; Central Diagnostic Laboratory (J.D.), Maastricht University Medical Center; Central Diagnostic Laboratory (H.G.O.); Department of Neurology (C.J.M.F.), Utrecht University Medical Center; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology (B.M.), Saint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein; Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Immunology (A.C.M.P.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg; Department of Neurology (A.M., C.C.D.); Clinical Laboratory (M.A.C.B.), Máxima Medical Center, Veldhoven; Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics (M.M.V.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen; and Department of Neurology (E.I.H.), Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, The Netherlands., Verbeek MM; From the Department of Neurology (J.K., J.M.V., R.F.N., J.B., Y.C., R.W.v.S., M.A.A.M.d.B., M.H.v.C.-H., A.E.M.B., M.V., S.C.F., M.M.P.N., M.P., P.A.E.S.S., M.J.T.); Department of Immunology (M.S., S.B., S.V.), Laboratory Medical Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (M.A.A.M.D.B.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg; Department of Neurology (A.v.S.), Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague; Central Diagnostic Laboratory (J.D.), Maastricht University Medical Center; Central Diagnostic Laboratory (H.G.O.); Department of Neurology (C.J.M.F.), Utrecht University Medical Center; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology (B.M.), Saint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein; Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Immunology (A.C.M.P.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg; Department of Neurology (A.M., C.C.D.); Clinical Laboratory (M.A.C.B.), Máxima Medical Center, Veldhoven; Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics (M.M.V.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen; and Department of Neurology (E.I.H.), Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, The Netherlands., Hoff EI; From the Department of Neurology (J.K., J.M.V., R.F.N., J.B., Y.C., R.W.v.S., M.A.A.M.d.B., M.H.v.C.-H., A.E.M.B., M.V., S.C.F., M.M.P.N., M.P., P.A.E.S.S., M.J.T.); Department of Immunology (M.S., S.B., S.V.), Laboratory Medical Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (M.A.A.M.D.B.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg; Department of Neurology (A.v.S.), Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague; Central Diagnostic Laboratory (J.D.), Maastricht University Medical Center; Central Diagnostic Laboratory (H.G.O.); Department of Neurology (C.J.M.F.), Utrecht University Medical Center; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology (B.M.), Saint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein; Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Immunology (A.C.M.P.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg; Department of Neurology (A.M., C.C.D.); Clinical Laboratory (M.A.C.B.), Máxima Medical Center, Veldhoven; Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics (M.M.V.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen; and Department of Neurology (E.I.H.), Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, The Netherlands., Boukhrissi S; From the Department of Neurology (J.K., J.M.V., R.F.N., J.B., Y.C., R.W.v.S., M.A.A.M.d.B., M.H.v.C.-H., A.E.M.B., M.V., S.C.F., M.M.P.N., M.P., P.A.E.S.S., M.J.T.); Department of Immunology (M.S., S.B., S.V.), Laboratory Medical Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (M.A.A.M.D.B.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg; Department of Neurology (A.v.S.), Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague; Central Diagnostic Laboratory (J.D.), Maastricht University Medical Center; Central Diagnostic Laboratory (H.G.O.); Department of Neurology (C.J.M.F.), Utrecht University Medical Center; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology (B.M.), Saint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein; Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Immunology (A.C.M.P.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg; Department of Neurology (A.M., C.C.D.); Clinical Laboratory (M.A.C.B.), Máxima Medical Center, Veldhoven; Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics (M.M.V.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen; and Department of Neurology (E.I.H.), Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, The Netherlands., Franken SC; From the Department of Neurology (J.K., J.M.V., R.F.N., J.B., Y.C., R.W.v.S., M.A.A.M.d.B., M.H.v.C.-H., A.E.M.B., M.V., S.C.F., M.M.P.N., M.P., P.A.E.S.S., M.J.T.); Department of Immunology (M.S., S.B., S.V.), Laboratory Medical Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (M.A.A.M.D.B.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg; Department of Neurology (A.v.S.), Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague; Central Diagnostic Laboratory (J.D.), Maastricht University Medical Center; Central Diagnostic Laboratory (H.G.O.); Department of Neurology (C.J.M.F.), Utrecht University Medical Center; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology (B.M.), Saint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein; Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Immunology (A.C.M.P.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg; Department of Neurology (A.M., C.C.D.); Clinical Laboratory (M.A.C.B.), Máxima Medical Center, Veldhoven; Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics (M.M.V.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen; and Department of Neurology (E.I.H.), Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, The Netherlands., Nagtzaam MMP; From the Department of Neurology (J.K., J.M.V., R.F.N., J.B., Y.C., R.W.v.S., M.A.A.M.d.B., M.H.v.C.-H., A.E.M.B., M.V., S.C.F., M.M.P.N., M.P., P.A.E.S.S., M.J.T.); Department of Immunology (M.S., S.B., S.V.), Laboratory Medical Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (M.A.A.M.D.B.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg; Department of Neurology (A.v.S.), Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague; Central Diagnostic Laboratory (J.D.), Maastricht University Medical Center; Central Diagnostic Laboratory (H.G.O.); Department of Neurology (C.J.M.F.), Utrecht University Medical Center; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology (B.M.), Saint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein; Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Immunology (A.C.M.P.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg; Department of Neurology (A.M., C.C.D.); Clinical Laboratory (M.A.C.B.), Máxima Medical Center, Veldhoven; Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics (M.M.V.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen; and Department of Neurology (E.I.H.), Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, The Netherlands., Paunovic M; From the Department of Neurology (J.K., J.M.V., R.F.N., J.B., Y.C., R.W.v.S., M.A.A.M.d.B., M.H.v.C.-H., A.E.M.B., M.V., S.C.F., M.M.P.N., M.P., P.A.E.S.S., M.J.T.); Department of Immunology (M.S., S.B., S.V.), Laboratory Medical Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (M.A.A.M.D.B.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg; Department of Neurology (A.v.S.), Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague; Central Diagnostic Laboratory (J.D.), Maastricht University Medical Center; Central Diagnostic Laboratory (H.G.O.); Department of Neurology (C.J.M.F.), Utrecht University Medical Center; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology (B.M.), Saint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein; Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Immunology (A.C.M.P.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg; Department of Neurology (A.M., C.C.D.); Clinical Laboratory (M.A.C.B.), Máxima Medical Center, Veldhoven; Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics (M.M.V.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen; and Department of Neurology (E.I.H.), Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, The Netherlands., Veenbergen S; From the Department of Neurology (J.K., J.M.V., R.F.N., J.B., Y.C., R.W.v.S., M.A.A.M.d.B., M.H.v.C.-H., A.E.M.B., M.V., S.C.F., M.M.P.N., M.P., P.A.E.S.S., M.J.T.); Department of Immunology (M.S., S.B., S.V.), Laboratory Medical Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (M.A.A.M.D.B.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg; Department of Neurology (A.v.S.), Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague; Central Diagnostic Laboratory (J.D.), Maastricht University Medical Center; Central Diagnostic Laboratory (H.G.O.); Department of Neurology (C.J.M.F.), Utrecht University Medical Center; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology (B.M.), Saint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein; Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Immunology (A.C.M.P.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg; Department of Neurology (A.M., C.C.D.); Clinical Laboratory (M.A.C.B.), Máxima Medical Center, Veldhoven; Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics (M.M.V.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen; and Department of Neurology (E.I.H.), Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, The Netherlands., Sillevis Smitt PAE; From the Department of Neurology (J.K., J.M.V., R.F.N., J.B., Y.C., R.W.v.S., M.A.A.M.d.B., M.H.v.C.-H., A.E.M.B., M.V., S.C.F., M.M.P.N., M.P., P.A.E.S.S., M.J.T.); Department of Immunology (M.S., S.B., S.V.), Laboratory Medical Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (M.A.A.M.D.B.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg; Department of Neurology (A.v.S.), Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague; Central Diagnostic Laboratory (J.D.), Maastricht University Medical Center; Central Diagnostic Laboratory (H.G.O.); Department of Neurology (C.J.M.F.), Utrecht University Medical Center; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology (B.M.), Saint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein; Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Immunology (A.C.M.P.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg; Department of Neurology (A.M., C.C.D.); Clinical Laboratory (M.A.C.B.), Máxima Medical Center, Veldhoven; Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics (M.M.V.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen; and Department of Neurology (E.I.H.), Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, The Netherlands., Titulaer MJ; From the Department of Neurology (J.K., J.M.V., R.F.N., J.B., Y.C., R.W.v.S., M.A.A.M.d.B., M.H.v.C.-H., A.E.M.B., M.V., S.C.F., M.M.P.N., M.P., P.A.E.S.S., M.J.T.); Department of Immunology (M.S., S.B., S.V.), Laboratory Medical Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (M.A.A.M.D.B.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg; Department of Neurology (A.v.S.), Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague; Central Diagnostic Laboratory (J.D.), Maastricht University Medical Center; Central Diagnostic Laboratory (H.G.O.); Department of Neurology (C.J.M.F.), Utrecht University Medical Center; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology (B.M.), Saint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein; Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Immunology (A.C.M.P.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg; Department of Neurology (A.M., C.C.D.); Clinical Laboratory (M.A.C.B.), Máxima Medical Center, Veldhoven; Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics (M.M.V.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen; and Department of Neurology (E.I.H.), Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, The Netherlands.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation [Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm] 2024 Nov; Vol. 11 (6), pp. e200318. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Oct 28.
DOI:	10.1212/NXI.0000000000200318
Abstrakt:	Background and Objectives: Autoimmune encephalitis (AIE) and paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes (PNSs) encompass a heterogeneous group of antibody-associated disorders. Both the number of syndromes and commercially available antibody tests have increased considerably over the past decade. High-quality population-based data on epidemiology of these disorders and real-world performance of antibody tests are needed. Methods: In this nationwide retrospective cohort study, we identified all serum and CSF samples tested for antibodies against intracellular antigens (IAs: Hu [ANNA1], Yo [PCA1], CV2 [CRMP5], Ri [ANNA2], Ma1, Ma2 [Ta], amphiphysin, GAD65, GFAP, KLHL11, CARP VIII) or extracellular antigens (EAs: NMDAR, LGI1, Caspr2, GABA-B-R, GABA-A-R, AMPAR, DPPX, GlyR, mGluR1, VGCC, IgLON5, Tr [DNER]) between January 2016 and December 2021 in the Netherlands. Nationwide coverage was guaranteed for all antibodies except anti-GAD65 and anti-VGCC. We calculated sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV); obtained clinical information about patients who tested positive; assigned diagnosis of AIE/PNS according to diagnostic criteria; and calculated incidence rates for IA, EA, and individual antibody-associated syndromes. Results: In the study period, 2,877 (9.5%) of 30,246 samples, belonging to 1,228 patients, tested positive. Sensitivity and specificity were high (>95%) to very high (>99%) for most tests in both serum and CSF. PPVs for several tests were moderate to poor, especially for serum testing of IA antibodies (25%-80%). Clinical data were available for 940 (76.5%) of 1,228 patients. A total of 578 AIE/PNS diagnoses were made. The incidence rate for AIE/PNS (per million person-years) increased from 4.70 (95% CI 3.72-5.85) in 2016 to 5.76 (4.69-7.00) in 2021. Overall, the incidence rate was 5.57 (5.13-6.05), 2.96 (2.64-3.31) for the EA and 2.61 (2.31-2.94) for the IA subgroup. The 4 most common AIE/PNS types were anti-NMDAR, anti-LGI1, anti-Hu, and anti-GAD65, together comprising almost two-thirds of all diagnoses (364/578, 63.0%). Discussion: Most commercial antibody tests perform well overall, but important pitfalls remain. Although almost all tests had high specificity, PPV was only modest in the setting of these rare diseases and mass testing. We observe trends toward increasing incidence of antibody-associated AIE/PNS.
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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