Racial Disparities in Foot Examination among People with Diabetes in Brazil: A Nationwide Survey, 2019.

Autor:	Bramante CN; Postgraduate Program of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil., Rizzato JS; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil., Nakamura IB; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil., Galvão TF; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil., Silva MT; University of Brasilia, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Public Health, Brasilia, Brazil.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Ethnicity & disease [Ethn Dis] 2024 Oct 22; Vol. 34 (4), pp. 221-229. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Oct 22 (Print Publication: 2024).
DOI:	10.18865/EthnDis-2023-50
Abstrakt:	Objective: To assess the absence of diabetic foot examination in Brazil and how ethnicity affected this outcome. Design: This is an analysis of a nationwide survey held in Brazil in 2019. Participants with diabetes and that were 15 years of age or older were eligible for inclusion in the analysis. Adjusted Poisson regression with robust variance was used to calculate prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) of never having had the foot examined, with separate models according to ethnicity. Stata 14.2 was used for all calculations. Results: We included 6216 individuals with diabetes; 52.1% (95%CI: 50.0%-54.2%) reported never having had their feet examined by a health care professional and 61% self-declared as Black (Black and Brown [Brazilian mixed race]). A higher frequency of negligence was observed among Black individuals (55.3%; 52.5%-58.1%) than among White individuals (48.2%; 45.0%-51.5%). Negligence was higher between 15- to 39-year-old participants (PR = 1.34, 1.14-1.57), lower educational level (PR = 1.37, 1.13-1.65), higher alcohol consumption (PR = 1.18, 1.06-1.31), fair health status (PR = 1.11, 1.01-1.21), and diabetes diagnosis of up to 10 years (PR = 1.42, 1.28-1.57). Among Blacks, tobacco use and other factors increased the frequency of the outcome, whereas participation in the Brazilian Unified Health System primary care program was a protection factor (P<.05). Conclusion: Black Brazilians with diabetes had higher negligence of foot examination by health care professionals. Strengthening primary care would help mitigate systemic racism in Brazil. Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest: No conflict of interest reported by authors.
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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