The Uprise of Human Leishmaniasis in Tuscany, Central Italy: Clinical and Epidemiological Data from a Multicenter Study.

Autor:	Barbiero A; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy., Spinicci M; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy.; Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy., Aiello A; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy., Maruotto M; School of Human Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy., Antonello RM; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy., Formica G; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy., Piccica M; Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Multidimensional Medicine, Santa Maria Annunziata Hospital, Bagno a Ripoli, 50012 Florence, Italy., Isola P; Laboratory Medicine Unit, Azienda USL Toscana Nord Ovest, 56121 Livorno, Italy., Parisio EM; Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Unit, San Luca Hospital, 55100 Lucca, Italy., Nardone M; Laboratory of Chemical-Clinical Analysis, San Luca Hospital, 56121 Lucca, Italy., Valentini S; Infectious Disease Department, Misericordia Hospital, 58100 Grosseto, Italy., Mangano V; Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy., Brunelli T; Microbiology Unit, S. Stefano Hospital, 59100 Prato, Italy., Bianchi L; Microbiology Unit, S. Jacopo Hospital, 51100 Pistoia, Italy., Bartalesi F; Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Multidimensional Medicine, Santa Maria Annunziata Hospital, Bagno a Ripoli, 50012 Florence, Italy., Costa C; Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Multidimensional Medicine, Santa Maria Annunziata Hospital, Bagno a Ripoli, 50012 Florence, Italy., Sambo M; Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.; Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Senese, 53100 Siena, Italy., Tumbarello M; Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.; Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Senese, 53100 Siena, Italy., Sani S; Infectious Diseases Unit, Ospedali Riuniti di Livorno, 57124 Livorno, Italy., Fabiani S; Infectious Diseases Unit, Ospedali Riuniti di Livorno, 57124 Livorno, Italy., Rossetti B; Infectious Diseases Unit, Ospedale Misericordia, 5810 Grosseto, Italy., Nencioni C; Infectious Diseases Unit, Ospedale Misericordia, 5810 Grosseto, Italy., Lanari A; Infectious Diseases Unit, Ospedale Misericordia, 5810 Grosseto, Italy., Aquilini D; Infectious Diseases Unit, S. Stefano Hospital, 59100 Prato, Italy., Montorzi G; Infectious Diseases Unit, S. Stefano Hospital, 59100 Prato, Italy., Venturini E; Infectious Diseases Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, 50139 Florence, Italy., Galli L; Infectious Diseases Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, 50139 Florence, Italy.; Section of Pediatrics, Department of Health Science, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy., Rinninella G; Infectious Diseases Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, 50139 Florence, Italy., Falcone M; Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pisa University Hospital, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy., Ceriegi F; Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pisa University Hospital, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy., Amadori F; Infectious Diseases Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Apuane, 54100 Massa, Italy., Vincenti A; Infectious Diseases Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Apuane, 54100 Massa, Italy., Blanc P; Infectious Diseases Unit, S. Jacopo Hospital, 51100 Pistoia, Italy., Vellere I; Infectious Diseases Unit, S. Jacopo Hospital, 51100 Pistoia, Italy., Tacconi D; Infectious Diseases Unit, Ospedale San Donato, 52100 Arezzo, Italy., Luchi S; Infectious Diseases and Epatology Unit, San Luca Hospital, 55100 Lucca, Italy., Moneta S; Infectious Diseases and Epatology Unit, San Luca Hospital, 55100 Lucca, Italy., Massi D; Section of Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy., Brogi M; Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Specialties, Empoli, 50129 Florence, Italy., Voller F; Unit of Epidemiology, Regional Health Agency of Tuscany, 50141 Florence, Italy., Gemmi F; Quality and Equity Unit, Regional Health Agency of Tuscany, 50141 Florence, Italy., Rossolini GM; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy.; Microbiology and Virology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy., Cusi MG; Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy., Bruschi F; Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.; Programma di Monitoraggio delle Parassitosi e Formulazione di Nuovi Algoritmi Diagnostici, AOU Pisana, 56126 Pisa, Italy., Bartoloni A; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy.; Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy., Zammarchi L; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy.; Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Microorganisms [Microorganisms] 2024 Sep 27; Vol. 12 (10). Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Sep 27.
DOI:	10.3390/microorganisms12101963
Abstrakt:	Human leishmaniasis is facing important epidemiological changes in Southern Europe, driven by increased urbanization, climate changes, emerging of new animal reservoirs, shifts in human behavior and a growing population of immunocompromised and elderly individuals. In this evolving epidemiological landscape, we analyzed the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of human leishmaniasis in the Tuscany region of Central Italy. Through a multicentric retrospective analysis, we collected clinical and demographic data about all cases of leishmaniasis recorded between 2018 and 2023. We observed 176 cases of human leishmaniasis, with 128 (72.7%) visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and 47 (26.7%) cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). Among these, 92.2% of VL and 85.1% of CL cases were autochthonous. The cumulative incidence of autochthonous human leishmaniasis was 0.22 cases per 100,000 inhabitants in 2018, but reached 1.81/100,000 in 2023. We identified three main areas of transmission: around the city of Florence (North-East Tuscany), around Grosseto city (South-West Tuscany) and Elba Island. Our findings confirm that the epidemiology of leishmaniasis is undergoing significant changes in Central Italy. Awareness towards this emerging health threat and surveillance strategies need to be improved in order to reliably assess the disease's burden. Further research is needed in a "One-Health" perspective, to clarify the epidemiological dynamics at the environmental, reservoir, vector and human levels. The role of climate change and specific climatic factors affecting the epidemiological patterns of human leishmaniasis should be assessed. Further knowledge in these fields would promote targeted control and prevention strategies at regional and national levels.
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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