T Cell Peptide Prediction, Immune Response, and Host-Pathogen Relationship in Vaccinated and Recovered from Mild COVID-19 Subjects.

Autor: Macchia I; Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy., La Sorsa V; Research Promotion and Coordination Service, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy., Ciervo A; Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy., Ruspantini I; Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy., Negri D; Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy., Borghi M; Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy., De Angelis ML; Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy., Luciani F; National Center for the Control and Evaluation of Medicines, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy., Martina A; National Center for the Control and Evaluation of Medicines, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy., Taglieri S; Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy., Durastanti V; Neurology Unit, San Filippo Neri Hospital, ASL RM1, 00135 Rome, Italy., Altavista MC; Neurology Unit, San Filippo Neri Hospital, ASL RM1, 00135 Rome, Italy., Urbani F; Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy., Mancini F; Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Biomolecules [Biomolecules] 2024 Sep 26; Vol. 14 (10). Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Sep 26.
DOI: 10.3390/biom14101217
Abstrakt: COVID-19 remains a significant threat, particularly to vulnerable populations. The emergence of new variants necessitates the development of treatments and vaccines that induce both humoral and cellular immunity. This study aimed to identify potentially immunogenic SARS-CoV-2 peptides and to explore the intricate host-pathogen interactions involving peripheral immune responses, memory profiles, and various demographic, clinical, and lifestyle factors. Using in silico and experimental methods, we identified several CD8-restricted SARS-CoV-2 peptides that are either poorly studied or have previously unreported immunogenicity: fifteen from the Spike and three each from non-structural proteins Nsp1-2-3-16. A Spike peptide, LA-9, demonstrated a 57% response rate in ELISpot assays using PBMCs from 14 HLA-A*02:01 positive, vaccinated, and mild-COVID-19 recovered subjects, indicating its potential for diagnostics, research, and multi-epitope vaccine platforms. We also found that younger individuals, with fewer vaccine doses and longer intervals since infection, showed lower anti-Spike (ELISA) and anti-Wuhan neutralizing antibodies (pseudovirus assay), higher naïve T cells, and lower central memory, effector memory, and CD4hiCD8low T cells (flow cytometry) compared to older subjects. In our cohort, a higher prevalence of Vδ2-γδ and DN T cells, and fewer naïve CD8 T cells, seemed to correlate with strong cellular and lower anti-NP antibody responses and to associate with Omicron infection, absence of confusional state, and habitual sporting activity.
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Databáze: MEDLINE
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