| Autor: |
Attia AM; Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA., Rezaee-Zavareh MS; Middle East Liver Diseases (MELD) Center, Tehran 1417935840, Iran., Hwang SY; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, Midtown Campus, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA., Kim N; Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA., Adetyan H; Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA., Yalda T; Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA., Chen PJ; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA., Koltsova EK; Cedars-Sinai Cancer, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA., Yang JD; Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.; Comprehensive Transplant Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.; Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA. |
| Abstrakt: |
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer mortality globally. Most patients present with late diagnosis, leading to poor prognosis. This narrative review explores novel biomarkers for early HCC detection. We conducted a comprehensive literature review analyzing protein, circulating nucleic acid, metabolite, and quantitative proteomics-based biomarkers, evaluating the advantages and limitations of each approach. While established markers like alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin, and AFP-L3 remain relevant, promising candidates include circulating tumor DNA, microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, extracellular vesicle, and metabolomic biomarkers. Multi-biomarker panels like the GALAD score, Oncoguard, and Helio liver test show promise for improved diagnostic accuracy. Non-invasive approaches like urine and gut microbiome analysis are also emerging possibilities. Integrating these novel biomarkers with current screening protocols holds significant potential for earlier HCC detection and improved patient outcomes. Future research should explore multi-biomarker panels, omics technologies, and artificial intelligence to further enhance early HCC diagnosis and management. |
