Traumatic brain injury: molecular biomarkers, genetics, secondary consequences, and medical management.

Autor:	Lipsky RH; Department of Neurology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States.; Program in Neuroscience, and Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States., Witkin JM; Laboratory of Antiepileptic Drug Discovery Ascension St. Vincent Hospital, Indianapolis, IN, United States.; Departments of Neuroscience and Trauma Research Ascension St. Vincent Hospital, Indianapolis, IN, United States., Shafique H; Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States., Smith JL; Laboratory of Antiepileptic Drug Discovery Ascension St. Vincent Hospital, Indianapolis, IN, United States., Cerne R; Laboratory of Antiepileptic Drug Discovery Ascension St. Vincent Hospital, Indianapolis, IN, United States., Marini AM; Department of Neurology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States.; Program in Neuroscience, and Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Frontiers in neuroscience [Front Neurosci] 2024 Oct 04; Vol. 18, pp. 1446076. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Oct 04 (Print Publication: 2024).
DOI:	10.3389/fnins.2024.1446076
Abstrakt:	Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has reached epidemic proportions worldwide. The consequences of TBI can be severe even with repetitive mild trauma. If death and coma are avoided, the consequences of TBI in the long term typically involve dizziness, sleep disturbances, headache, seizures, cognitive impairment, focal deficits, depression, and anxiety. The severity of brain injury is a significant predictor of outcome. However, the heterogenous nature of the injury makes prognosis difficult. The present review of the literature focuses on the genetics of TBI including genome wide (GWAS) data and candidate gene associations, among them brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) with TBI and development of post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE). Molecular biomarkers of TBI are also discussed with a focus on proteins and the inflammatory protein IL1-β. The secondary medical sequela to TBI of cognitive impairment, PTE, headache and risk for neurodegenerative disorders is also discussed. This overview of TBI concludes with a review and discussion of the medical management of TBI and the medicines used for and being developed at the preclinical and clinical stages for the treatment of TBI and its host of life-debilitating symptoms. Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The author(s) declared that they were an editorial board member of Frontiers, at the time of submission. This had no impact on the peer review process and the final decision. (Copyright © 2024 Lipsky, Witkin, Shafique, Smith, Cerne and Marini.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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