Epidemiological Study and Seropositivity in Viral Panel Testing Among Corneal Tissue Donors.

Autor:	Pérez Peña NI; Transplant and Donation Department, Regional General Hospital 1 of the Mexican Social Security Institute, Querétaro, MEX., Sanchez García LE; Transplant and Donation Department, Regional General Hospital 1 of the Mexican Social Security Institute, Querétaro, MEX., García Romero JM; Transplant and Donation Department, Regional General Hospital 1 of the Mexican Social Security Institute, Querétaro, MEX., Montoya Vázquez A; Transplant and Donation Department, Regional General Hospital 1 of the Mexican Social Security Institute, Querétaro, MEX., Alonso Aguiñiga K; Transplant and Donation Department, Regional General Hospital 1 of the Mexican Social Security Institute, Querétaro, MEX., Villegas Amador FO; Transplant and Donation Department, Regional General Hospital 1 of the Mexican Social Security Institute, Querétaro, MEX., Tolentino Pérez DE; General Practice, Autonomous University of Querétaro, Querétaro, MEX., Ochoa Cisneros LY; General Practice, Autonomous University of Querétaro, Querétaro, MEX., Diaz Ugalde JA; General Practice, Autonomous University of Querétaro, Querétaro, MEX., García Hernández I; Transplant and Donation Department, Regional General Hospital 1 of the Mexican Social Security Institute, Querétaro, MEX.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Cureus [Cureus] 2024 Sep 19; Vol. 16 (9), pp. e69728. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Sep 19 (Print Publication: 2024).
DOI:	10.7759/cureus.69728
Abstrakt:	Background: Corneal tissue is a critical component for vision restoration through transplantation, yet the availability of suitable corneal tissue is limited. This limitation results in long waiting lists and high demand, especially in countries with lower donation rates compared to global benchmarks. In Mexico, the corneal donation rate remains significantly behind other Latin American countries and leading nations such as Spain. Understanding the characteristics of corneal tissue donors is essential for improving donation practices and addressing the shortage of available tissues. Materials and Methods: This descriptive retrospective study analyzed electronic medical records of cadaveric corneal donors at the General Regional Hospital 1 of the Mexican Social Security Institute of Querétaro from January 2022 to December 2023. Donors were included based on criteria such as age (2-85 years) and known cause of death. Exclusion criteria included age outside the specified range, neoplastic diseases, active systemic infections, and prior ocular surgeries. Serological testing for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL), coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV was performed to assess viral reactivity. Statistical analyses were conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 25 (Released 2017; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States), summarizing data with descriptive statistics. Results: The study included 185 corneal donors with a mean age of 56.34 years. The majority were male (109; 58.9%), and the leading causes of death were cardiogenic shock (34; 18.4%), hypovolemic shock (31; 16.8%), and acute respiratory failure (30; 16.2%). Exclusion due to positive serological tests included seven donors (3.8%) for HIV and seven (3.8%) for SARS-CoV-2. A total of 16 donors (8.6%) were excluded due to positive results in the viral serological panel. The most common comorbidities were chronic kidney disease (36; 19.5%), type 2 diabetes mellitus (28; 15.1%), and systemic hypertension (31; 16.8%). Conclusions: The study highlights a predominantly male donor profile with a mean age of 56.34 years and emphasizes cardiogenic shock as a leading cause of death. The notably higher seropositivity rate of 8.6% for various viral infections compared to international reports indicates a need for improved health interventions and screening processes. The focus on cardiovascular and respiratory causes of death underscores regional health issues affecting donation patterns. To address the organ and tissue donation shortfall, it is crucial to enhance coordination within donation teams and increase public awareness, given the significant gap in donation rates compared to leading countries. Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work. (Copyright © 2024, Pérez Peña et al.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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