Unveiling the impact of antibiotic stress on biofilm formation and expression of toxin-antitoxin system genes in Clostridium difficile clinical isolates.

Autor: Cheraghi N; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran., Khoshnood S; Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.; Students Research Committee, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran., Sadeghifard N; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.; Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran., Khodaei N; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Asadollahi P; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran., Bastaminejad S; Department of Genetics, Faculty of ParaMedicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran., Kouhsari E; Laboratory Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran., Omidi N; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran., Kalani BS; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran. sadeghi-b@medilam.ac.ir.; Students Research Committee, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran. sadeghi-b@medilam.ac.ir.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Molecular biology reports [Mol Biol Rep] 2024 Oct 17; Vol. 51 (1), pp. 1060. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Oct 17.
DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09993-6
Abstrakt: Objectives: The study investigates how antibiotics affect biofilm formation and toxin gene expression in Clostridium difficile, which is essential for its survival and persistence.
Methods: The study confirmed 25 strains of C. difficile and assessed biofilm formation. The MIC of metronidazole and vancomycin was determined through agar dilution, and the impact of sub-MIC levels on biofilm formation and eradication was investigated. Additionally, Real-time PCR was used to analyze the expression levels of target genes related to antibiotic treatment.
Results: We found that certain genes, such as the ImmA/IrrE system, were associated with increased biofilm formation in isolates. Sub-MIC antibiotic levels influenced gene expression related to biofilm activities, particularly emphasizing the importance of toxin-antitoxin systems. The results suggest that antibiotics at sub-MIC levels may play a signaling role in promoting biofilm formation and gene expression in C. difficile.
Conclusion: Our study suggests that toxin and antitoxin genes may impact C. difficile biofilm formation, while antibiotics could signal biofilm strengthening and gene expression increase.
(© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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