Cellular and humoral immunity and IgG subclass distribution after omicron XBB.1.5 monovalent vaccination in Japan.

Autor: Sano K; Research Center for Influenza and Respiratory Viruses, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan., Kurosawa T; Clinical Laboratory Department, Yokohama City University Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan., Horikawa K; Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan., Kimura Y; Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan; Emerging Infectious Diseases Research Center, Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan., Goto A; Emerging Infectious Diseases Research Center, Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan; Department of Public Health, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan., Ryo A; Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan., Hasegawa H; Research Center for Influenza and Respiratory Viruses, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: hasegawa@niid.go.jp., Kato H; Emerging Infectious Diseases Research Center, Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan; Infection Prevention and Control Department, Yokohama City University Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan. Electronic address: ekato@yokohama-cu.ac.jp., Miyakawa K; Research Center for Influenza and Respiratory Viruses, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan; AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: keim@niid.go.jp.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Vaccine [Vaccine] 2024 Dec 02; Vol. 42 (26), pp. 126452. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Oct 16.
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126452
Abstrakt: Background: Up to seven doses of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA vaccines (BNT162b2) were administered to Japanese healthcare workers, until February 2024. The monovalent Omicron XBB.1.5 vaccine (hereafter called XBB.1.5 vaccine) was used for dose 7.
Objective: Although the XBB.1.5 vaccine has been reported to induce a robust increase in neutralizing antibodies against the currently circulating Omicron variant BA.2.86, little is known about its serological effects in Japan, where the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine is the most frequently administered in the world.
Study Design: Twenty-five recipients of the XBB.1.5 vaccine, categorized as seronegative (n = 18) or seropositive (n = 7) based on their recent history of COVID-19, were analyzed. Neutralizing antibody titers against Omicron subvariants, receptor binding domain (RBD) IgG levels, IgG subclass distribution, and T-cell responses were assessed.
Results: We found a significant increase in neutralizing antibody titers against XBB.1.5 and BA.2.86 variants following XBB.1.5 vaccination, particularly in seropositive individuals. No significant change in total RBD IgG levels was observed, indicating efficient induction of antibodies targeting regions outside the RBD by XBB.1.5 vaccination. IgG subclass analysis demonstrated no significant subclass switching after vaccination. T-cell responses against the virus were comparable between seropositive and seronegative groups.
Conclusions: The study suggests that XBB.1.5 vaccination enhances humoral immunity against Omicron variants without significant IgG subclass switching. However, some individuals with low pre-vaccination IgG titers did not exhibit increased antibody levels post-vaccination, raising concerns about potential immune tolerance.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.
(Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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