A Rare Case of Diffuse Leptomeningeal and Cortical Enhancement Secondary to Stroke-Like Migraine Attacks After Radiation Therapy (SMART) Syndrome in a Patient With a History of Childhood Medulloblastoma.

Autor:	Adereti CO; Neurosurgery, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, USA., Burke JE; Neurology, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, USA., Pace JR; Neurosurgery, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, USA.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Cureus [Cureus] 2024 Sep 15; Vol. 16 (9), pp. e69435. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Sep 15 (Print Publication: 2024).
DOI:	10.7759/cureus.69435
Abstrakt:	Stroke-like migraine attacks after radiation therapy (SMART) syndrome is a rare complication of craniospinal irradiation (CSI). Patients commonly present with headaches, seizures, and paroxysmal focal neurological deficits. There is a dearth of studies reported in the literature with an estimated fewer than 100 cases described since it was initially defined in the mid-1990s. The authors present the case of a 23-year-old patient with a history of childhood medulloblastoma and prior ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS), chemotherapy, and CSI who presented with headaches and new-onset seizures. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain showed diffuse left temporoparietal and occipital leptomeningeal and cortical enhancement. However, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis was unremarkable for neoplastic, infectious, or inflammatory etiology. Initiation of systemic steroid therapy resulted in drastic improvement of the patient's symptoms and prompted antiepileptic drug (AED) wean and persistent resolution of leptomeningeal and cortical contrast enhancement on brain MRI. When evaluating MRI evidence of leptomeningeal enhancement, neurosurgeons should consider SMART syndrome in the differential diagnosis, especially when extensive workup rules out more common causes of this finding such as leptomeningeal disease (LMD). Proper identification of SMART syndrome can lead to timely treatment, avoidance of invasive procedures such as tissue biopsy, and improved clinical outcomes. Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work. (Copyright © 2024, Adereti et al.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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