| Autor: |
Attia SL; Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA., Odhiambo SA; Pamoja Community Based Organization, Kisumu 2311-40100, Kenya.; School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E2, Canada., Mogaka JN; School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E2, Canada.; School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA., Ondondo R; Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kakamega P.O. Box 190-50100, Kenya., Schadler A; Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA., McQuerry K; Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA., Fuchs GJ 3rd; Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA., Williams JE; Department of Animal, Veterinary and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA., McGuire MK; Margaret Ritchie School of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA., Waterman C; Institute for Global Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA., Schulze K; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA., Owuor PM; Pamoja Community Based Organization, Kisumu 2311-40100, Kenya.; Department of Anthropology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA. |
| Abstrakt: |
Background: Childhood vitamin A deficiency leads to increased morbidity and mortality. Human milk is the only source of vitamin A for exclusively breastfed infants. Dried Moringa oleifera leaf powder (moringa) is a good food source of provitamin A and other carotenoids. Its effect during lactation on human milk vitamin A and carotenoid content is unclear. Objectives: Our objective was to investigate the effect of maternal moringa consumption on human milk retinol and carotenoid concentrations and maternal and infant vitamin A status. Methods: We conducted a 3-month pilot single-blinded cluster-randomized controlled trial in breastfeeding mother-infant pairs (n = 50) in Kenya. Mothers received corn porridge with (20 g/d) or without moringa with complete breast expressions and maternal and infant serum collected at enrollment (infant <30 days old) and 3 months. Milk was analyzed for retinol and selected carotenoids; maternal/infant serum was analyzed for retinol binding protein (RBP). Results: 88% (n = 44) pairs completed milk and serum samples. Four mothers (9%) had vitamin A deficiency (RBP <0.07 µmol/L); 11 (25%) were vitamin A insufficient (VAI; RBP <1.05 µmol/L). Alpha-carotene concentration in milk was higher in the moringa than the control group at baseline ( p = 0.024) and at exit (least squares means, LSM, 95%CI µg/mL 0.003, 0.003-0.004 moringa vs. 0.002, 0.001-0.003 control, n = 22/cluster; p = 0.014). In mothers with VAI, alpha-carotene was higher in the moringa group than controls at exit (LSM, 95%CI µg/mL 0.005, 0.003-0.009 moringa, n = 3, vs. 0.002, 0.000-0.004 control, n = 8, p = 0.027) with no difference at baseline. Milk carotenoids did not correlate with vitamin A status (serum RBP) in infants or mothers. Conclusions: Maternal moringa consumption did not impact concentration of milk vitamin A and resulted in limited increase in milk carotenoids in this cohort. |
