Human bare and clothing-covered skin exposure to chlorinated paraffins for the general populations: Exposure pattern differential and significance of indirect dermal exposure via clothing-to-skin transport.

Autor: Zhu C; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High-Quality Recycling of End-of-Life New Energy Devices, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China., Cao Z; School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China., Hu B; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China., Li Z; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China., Huang S; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China., Han X; School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China., Luo X; State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China., Yuan H; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High-Quality Recycling of End-of-Life New Energy Devices, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China., Li L; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High-Quality Recycling of End-of-Life New Energy Devices, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China. Electronic address: lilz@ms.giec.ac.cn.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Environment international [Environ Int] 2024 Oct; Vol. 192, pp. 109068. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Oct 10.
DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.109068
Abstrakt: To investigate human exposure to short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins (MCCPs) through dermal and oral intake via hand-to-mouth contact, wipes from the face, forearm, hand, and foot of 30 volunteers were sampled. The concentration of ∑SCCPs and ∑MCCPs ranged from 0.66 to 119 and 0.71 to 565 µg/m 2 , respectively. Hands exhibited significantly higher ∑CPs concentrations than other skin areas, indicating that direct contact with indoor surfaces contributed considerable CP levels on this bare skin area. Gender differences in CP levels were observed in wipes from all locations, except for the hands, possibly because of the significant variability in residuals on the hands. A significant positive relationship was found between CP levels on the hands and faces, and the CP ratios of the hands/faces were related to log K OA . Bare skin showed more significant variations in CP partitioning among related congeners and between genders than skin covered by clothing, as elucidated by the linear analysis of RSD and log K OA . Although concentrations on clothing-covered areas were relatively lower than on bare skin, the median estimated dermal absorption doses of ∑SCCPs and ∑MCCPs (152 and 737 ng/kg bw/day, respectively) for the entire body were approximately 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than those for oral ingestion (1.62 and 7.94 ng/kg bw/day, respectively), emphasizing indirect dermal uptake as a significant exposure pathway for humans.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
(Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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