Primary Mast Cell Sarcoma of the Maxillary Sinus and Gingiva Mimicking Malignant Neuroendocrine Tumor: A Case Report.

Autor: Cheng TC; Division of Pathology, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan., Chen JR; Division of Pathology, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan., Wang RC; Department of Pathology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan., Chang KC; Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan., Hang JF; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd, Taipei City, 112201, Taiwan. jfhang@vghtpe.gov.tw.; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan. jfhang@vghtpe.gov.tw.; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan. jfhang@vghtpe.gov.tw.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Head and neck pathology [Head Neck Pathol] 2024 Oct 15; Vol. 18 (1), pp. 97. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Oct 15.
DOI: 10.1007/s12105-024-01702-w
Abstrakt: Mast cell sarcoma (MCS) is an extremely rare and aggressive malignancy primarily affecting bones, with limited literature associating it with neuroendocrine marker expression. This report presents a rare case of MCS arising in the maxillary sinus and gingiva. A 74-year-old man presented with a progressively enlarging ulcer on the right-sided upper gingiva. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a 3.4 cm tumor on the floor of the right maxillary sinus. The patient underwent an inferior maxillectomy and right-sided neck dissection. Microscopically, the tumor consisted of monotonous round cells with oval nuclei, vesicular chromatin, inconspicuous nucleoli, and brisk mitoses. A panel of immunohistochemical stains was initially applied to exclude common sinonasal undifferentiated neoplasms, such as sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma, melanoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, and lymphoma. The tumor cells showed patchy staining for INSM1 and synaptophysin, but were negative for AE1/AE3, CAM5.2, p40, chromogranin, S100, HMB45, NKX2.2, desmin, CD45 (LCA), CD3, and CD20, with intact INI1 and BRG1 expression. No specific diagnosis could be rendered based on the staining results, leading to consideration of other rare malignancies. Additional staining revealed positivity for CD117, mast cell tryptase, CD13, CD33, CD43, and CD68, confirming the MCS diagnosis. Molecular testing for KIT mutation was negative. Subsequent bone marrow biopsy demonstrated infiltration of atypical mast cells, which led to a diagnosis of mast cell leukemia. Despite high-dose chemotherapy, the patient died three months after the initial diagnosis. The undifferentiated epithelioid morphology and unusual aberrant neuroendocrine marker expression posed significant diagnostic challenges. The major differential diagnoses were discussed in this report.
(© 2024. The Author(s).)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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