Acute ergogenic effects of repetitive maximal breath-holding maneuvers on hematological and physiological responses: a graded exercise test investigation.

Autor: Christoulas Y; Laboratory of Evaluation of Human Biological Performance, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece. yiannischristoulas@gmail.com., Bourdas DI; Section of Sport Medicine & Biology of Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Ethnikis Antistasis 41, 17237, Daphni, Greece., Michailidis Y; Laboratory of Evaluation of Human Biological Performance, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece., Mavrovouniotis I; Microbiology Department, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54642, Thessaloniki, Greece., Metaxas TI; Laboratory of Evaluation of Human Biological Performance, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece., Christoulas K; Laboratory of Evaluation of Human Biological Performance, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece., Koutlianos NA; Sports Medicine Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Campus AUThThermi, 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: European journal of applied physiology [Eur J Appl Physiol] 2024 Oct 14. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Oct 14.
DOI: 10.1007/s00421-024-05624-x
Abstrakt: Purpose: Repetitive maximal breath-holds (BHs or apneas) have been noted to induce advantageous hematological and blood buffering changes. Building on this, the hypothesis was formulated that the execution of repeated maximal BH efforts might lead to subsequent enhancements in performance during a time-to-exhaustion test.
Methods: This study investigated the acute effects of five static maximal breath-holding maneuvers conducted with face immersion in cold water (10 °C) on subsequent graded exercise test (GET) performance. Seventeen well-trained participants completed a GET on a motorized treadmill under two randomized cross-over conditions: baseline measurement (CON) and after five repeated maximal breath-holding efforts (EXP).
Results: The GET protocol consists of incremental increases in speed until exhaustion. After the fifth breath-hold, participants in the EXP condition exhibited significant (P < 0.05) increases in hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, red blood cell count, and muscle deoxygenation, accompanied by a reduction in blood lactate concentration (4.09 ± 2.21%, 3.9 ± 1.76%, 3.96 ± 2.1%, 81.48 ± 23.83%, and 15.22 ± 17.64%, respectively), compared to CON. During GET, the EXP condition showed a significantly (P < 0.05) delayed onset time of the second ventilatory threshold (3.14 ± 5.85%) and (P < 0.05) increased time to exhaustion (0.75 ± 1.02%).
Conclusion: This evidence suggests that repeated maximal static breath-holding maneuvers enhance the oxygen delivery system by increasing the circulation of reserve red blood cells, heightened muscle oxygen deoxygenation, enhanced aerobic metabolism utilization, and postponing the transition from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism, implying a potential ergogenic effect. While pre-exercise breath-holding shows promise for improving time-to-exhaustion and optimizing subsequent distance running performance, further in-depth investigation is essential to fully elucidate the underlying mechanistic factors.
(© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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