Hyponatremia Prevalence in Decompensated Chronic Liver Disease: Insights from a Tertiary Care Hospital.

Autor:	Azam MU; Department of Medicine, Gujranwala Medical College/Teaching Hospital, Gujranwala, PAK., Saeed NU; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Gujranwala Medical College/Teaching Hospital, Gujranwala, PAK., Javed S; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Lahore, PAK., Memon MYY; Department of Gastroenterology, King Saud Hospital, Unaizah, SAU., Aftab MA; Department of Medicine, St. Barnabas Hospital Health System, New York, USA., Shafqat MN; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Gujranwala Medical College/Teaching Hospital, Gujranwala, PAK., Sadiq HZ; Department of Medicine, Aziz Bhatti Shaheed Teaching Hospital, Gujrat, PAK., Maqbool A; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Gujranwala Medical College/Teaching Hospital, Gujranwala, PAK., Mand Khan F; Department of Medicine, FMH (Fatima Memorial Hospital) College of Medicine and Dentistry, Lahore, PAK., Zahoor F; Department of Medicine, DHQ (District Headquarter) Teaching Hospital, Gujranwala, PAK.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Cureus [Cureus] 2024 Sep 07; Vol. 16 (9), pp. e68907. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Sep 07 (Print Publication: 2024).
DOI:	10.7759/cureus.68907
Abstrakt:	Background: Liver cirrhosis is a prominent global contributor to mortality, and hyponatremia is a common complication in patients with decompensated chronic liver disease (DCLD). Hyponatremia is characterized by kidney impairment when eliminating solute-free water. The presence of contradictory findings in existing literature prompted this study. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of hyponatremia in patients with DCLDs presenting at a tertiary care hospital. Methodology:  This six-month cross-sectional study was performed at the Allied Institute of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital in Gujranwala, Pakistan, from January 2022 to June 2022. A total of 133 patients were selected as subjects. Researchers took blood samples from these patients and sent the samples to the hospital pathology lab for evaluation of serum sodium levels. If sodium levels were ≤130 mmol/L, the patient was considered to have hyponatremia. All information was recorded on proforma. Results:  The mean age of patients was 47.68 ± 12.89 years. Overall, 80 (60.15%) were male, and 53 (39.85%) female. The mean BMI of patients was 23.20 ± 3.11 kg/m 2 and the average duration of DCLD was 7.24 ± 4.12 years. Among participants, 48 (36.09%) patients had hyponatremia, whereas 85 (63.91%) did not have hyponatremia. The mean sodium level was 132.39 ± 11.37 mEq/L. Stratified analysis based on patient age revealed that among patients aged 21-45 years, 27 (45.8%) had hyponatremia, whereas, in the group aged 46-70 years, 21 (28.4%) had hyponatremia with a p-value < 0.05. Stratification of the basis of BMI, among underweight patients, all eight (100%) had hyponatremia, whereas of overweight patients, 14 (31.1%) had hyponatremia. This difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of hyponatremia was notably elevated among individuals suffering from DCLD. Age and BMI were the most common risk factors for hyponatremia among subjects with DCLD. This study recommends that patients with DCLD should have their serum sodium levels screened at regular intervals to prevent complications, including encephalopathy, which occurs particularly in younger and underweight DCLD patients. Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Gujranwala Medical College/Teaching Hospital, Gujranwala, Pakistan issued approval 377/22. Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work. (Copyright © 2024, Azam et al.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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