GABA, Aging and Exercise: Functional and Intervention Considerations.

Autor: Novak TS; Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA., McGregor KM; Birmingham VA Health Care System, Birmingham, AL, USA.; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA., Krishnamurthy LC; Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.; Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VAMC, Decatur, GA, USA.; Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA., Evancho A; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA., Mammino K; Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VAMC, Decatur, GA, USA., Walters CE Jr; Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA., Weber A; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA., Nocera JR; Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.; Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VAMC, Decatur, GA, USA.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Neuroscience insights [Neurosci Insights] 2024 Sep 26; Vol. 19, pp. 26331055241285880. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Sep 26 (Print Publication: 2024).
DOI: 10.1177/26331055241285880
Abstrakt: The global growth of an aging population is expected to coincide with an increase in aging-related pathologies, including those related to brain health. Thus, the potential for accelerated cognitive health declines due to adverse aging is expected to have profound social and economic implications. However, the progression to pathological conditions is not an inevitable part of aging. In fact, engaging in activities that improve cardiovascular fitness appears to be a means that offers the benefits of maintaining and/or improving cognitive health in older age. However, to date, the underlying mechanisms responsible for improved central nervous system health and function with exercise are not yet fully elucidated. Consequently, there is considerable interest in studies aimed at understanding the neurophysiological benefits of exercise on aging. One such area of study suggests that the improvements in brain health via exercise are, in part, driven by the recovery of inhibitory processes related to the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). In the present review, we highlight the opposing effects of aging and exercise on cortical inhibition and the GABAergic system's functional integrity. We highlight these changes in GABA function by reviewing work with in vivo measurements: transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). We also highlight recent and significant technological and methodological advances in assessing the GABAergic system's integrity with TMS and MRS. We then discuss potential future research directions to inform mechanistic GABA study targeted to improve health and function in aging. We conclude by highlighting the significance of understanding the effects of exercise and aging, its influence on GABA levels, and why a better understanding is crucial to allow for more targeted and effective interventions aimed to ultimately improve age-related decline in aging.
Competing Interests: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
(© The Author(s) 2024.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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