Mechanochemically responsive polymer enables shockwave visualization.

Autor: Centellas PJ; Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, USA., Mehringer KD; School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, USA., Bowman AL; Geotechnical and Structures Laboratory, US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, USA., Evans KM; Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, USA., Vagholkar P; School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, USA., Thornell TL; Geotechnical and Structures Laboratory, US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, USA., Huang L; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, USA., Morgan SE; School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, USA., Soles CL; Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, USA., Simon YC; School of Molecular Sciences and Biodesign Center for Sustainable Macromolecular Materials and Manufacturing, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA. yoan.simon@asu.edu., Chan EP; Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, USA. edwin.chan@nist.gov.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Nature communications [Nat Commun] 2024 Oct 07; Vol. 15 (1), pp. 8596. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Oct 07.
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52663-1
Abstrakt: Understanding the physical and chemical response of materials to impulsive deformation is crucial for applications ranging from soft robotic locomotion to space exploration to seismology. However, investigating material properties at extreme strain rates remains challenging due to temporal and spatial resolution limitations. Combining high-strain-rate testing with mechanochemistry encodes the molecular-level deformation within the material itself, thus enabling the direct quantification of the material response. Here, we demonstrate a mechanophore-functionalized block copolymer that self-reports energy dissipation mechanisms, such as bond rupture and acoustic wave dissipation, in response to high-strain-rate impacts. A microprojectile accelerated towards the polymer permanently deforms the material at a shallow depth. At intersonic velocities, the polymer reports significant subsurface energy absorption due to shockwave attenuation, a mechanism traditionally considered negligible compared to plasticity and not well explored in polymers. The acoustic wave velocity of the material is directly recovered from the mechanochemically-activated subsurface volume recorded in the material, which is validated by simulations, theory, and acoustic measurements. This integration of mechanochemistry with microballistic testing enables characterization of high-strain-rate mechanical properties and elucidates important insights applicable to nanomaterials, particle-reinforced composites, and biocompatible polymers.
(© 2024. This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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