A review of the potential impacts of coastal mosquito control programs on Australian Stingless Bees (Apidae, Meliponini)-likely exposure pathways and lessons learned from studies on honey bees.

Autor:	Johnson BJ; Mosquito Control Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia., Hereward JP; School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia., Wilson R; Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia.; School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia., Furlong MJ; School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia., Devine GJ; Mosquito Control Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Environmental entomology [Environ Entomol] 2024 Dec 16; Vol. 53 (6), pp. 894-907.
DOI:	10.1093/ee/nvae080
Abstrakt:	The impact of the programmatic use of larvicides for mosquito control on native stingless bees (e.g., Apidae, Meliponini) is a growing concern in Australia due to heightened conservation awareness and the growth of hobbyist stingless bee keeping. In Australia, the two most widely used mosquito larvicides are the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti) and the insect hormone mimic methoprene (as S-methoprene). Each has a unique mode of action that could present a risk to stingless bees and other pollinators. Herein, we review the potential impacts of these larvicides on native Australian bees and conclude that their influence is mitigated by their low recommended field rates, poor environmental persistence, and the seasonal and intermittent nature of mosquito control applications. Moreover, evidence suggests that stingless bees may display a high physiological tolerance to Bti similar to that observed in honey bees (Apis mellifera), whose interactions with B. thuringiensis-based biopesticides are widely reported. In summary, neither Bti or methoprene is likely to pose a significant risk to the health of stingless bees or their nests. However, current knowledge is limited by regulatory testing requirements that only require the use of honey bees as toxicological models. To bridge this gap, we suggest that regulatory testing is expanded to include stingless bees and other nontarget insects. This is imperative for improving our understanding of the potential risks that these and other pesticides may pose to native pollinator conservation. (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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