A Comprehensive Review of HIV-Associated Tuberculosis: Clinical Challenges and Advances in Management.

Autor:	Patel A; Emergency Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND., Pundkar A; Orthopedics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND., Agarwal A; Emergency Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND., Gadkari C; Emergency Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND., Nagpal AK; Emergency Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND., Kuttan N; Emergency Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Cureus [Cureus] 2024 Sep 06; Vol. 16 (9), pp. e68784. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Sep 06 (Print Publication: 2024).
DOI:	10.7759/cureus.68784
Abstrakt:	Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) are two of the most pressing global health issues, each contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality worldwide. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of HIV-associated TB (HIV-TB), focusing on the clinical challenges and advancements in its management. HIV-positive individuals are at a heightened risk of developing active TB due to the immunosuppressive effects of the virus, which complicates both diagnosis and treatment. The interplay between these two diseases exacerbates health outcomes, presenting unique challenges related to drug interactions, adherence to treatment regimens, and management of adverse effects. This review explores the current diagnostic approaches, including advances in testing technologies and screening strategies, and examines treatment protocols, highlighting the integration of antiretroviral therapy with TB treatment. Special considerations for managing HIV-TB in various populations, such as children, pregnant women, and the elderly, are discussed. Additionally, the review addresses public health strategies for prevention and the impact of socio-economic and healthcare system factors on disease management. Finally, it highlights recent research innovations and future directions aimed at improving outcomes for individuals with HIV-TB. By synthesizing the latest evidence and clinical practices, this review aims to enhance understanding and guide effective management of this critical co-infection, ultimately contributing to reduced global burden and improved patient care. Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work. (Copyright © 2024, Patel et al.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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