Socio-medical Factors Associated with Neurodevelopmental Disorders on the Kenyan Coast.

Autor:	Kipkemoi P; Neuroscience Unit, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, P.O Box 230-80108, Kilifi, Kenya.; Complex Trait Genetics Department, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR) Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Netherlands.; Institute for Human Development, Aga Khan University, P.O. BOX 30270-00100, Nairobi, Kenya., Savage JE; Complex Trait Genetics Department, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR) Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Netherlands., Gona J; Neuroscience Unit, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, P.O Box 230-80108, Kilifi, Kenya., Rimba K; Neuroscience Unit, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, P.O Box 230-80108, Kilifi, Kenya., Kombe M; Neuroscience Unit, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, P.O Box 230-80108, Kilifi, Kenya., Mwangi P; Neuroscience Unit, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, P.O Box 230-80108, Kilifi, Kenya., Kipkoech C; Neuroscience Unit, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, P.O Box 230-80108, Kilifi, Kenya., Chepkemoi E; Neuroscience Unit, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, P.O Box 230-80108, Kilifi, Kenya., Ngombo A; Neuroscience Unit, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, P.O Box 230-80108, Kilifi, Kenya., Mkubwa B; Institute for Human Development, Aga Khan University, P.O. BOX 30270-00100, Nairobi, Kenya., Rehema C; Neuroscience Unit, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, P.O Box 230-80108, Kilifi, Kenya., Kariuki SM; Neuroscience Unit, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, P.O Box 230-80108, Kilifi, Kenya.; Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Warneford Ln, Oxford OX3 7JX, United Kingdom.; Department of Public Health, Pwani University, P.O. BOX 195-80108, Kilifi, Kenya., Posthuma D; Complex Trait Genetics Department, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR) Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Netherlands.; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychology and Psychiatry, Complex Trait Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands., Donald KA; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, 4th Floor ICH Building, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa.; Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, South Africa., Robinson E; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.; Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA., Abubakar A; Neuroscience Unit, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, P.O Box 230-80108, Kilifi, Kenya.; Institute for Human Development, Aga Khan University, P.O. BOX 30270-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.; Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Warneford Ln, Oxford OX3 7JX, United Kingdom.; Department of Public Health, Pwani University, P.O. BOX 195-80108, Kilifi, Kenya., Newton CR; Neuroscience Unit, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, P.O Box 230-80108, Kilifi, Kenya.; Institute for Human Development, Aga Khan University, P.O. BOX 30270-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.; Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Warneford Ln, Oxford OX3 7JX, United Kingdom.; Department of Public Health, Pwani University, P.O. BOX 195-80108, Kilifi, Kenya.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	MedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences [medRxiv] 2024 Sep 18. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Sep 18.
DOI:	10.1101/2024.09.17.24313844
Abstrakt:	Background: Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are a group of conditions with their onset during the early developmental period and include conditions such as autism, intellectual disability and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Occurrence of NDDs is thought to be determined by both genetic and environmental factors, but data on the role of environmental risk factors for NDD in Africa is limited. This study investigates environmental influences on NDDs in children from Kenya. This case-control study compared children with NDDs and typically developing children from two studies on the Kenyan coast that did not overlap. Methods and Findings: We included 172 of the study participants from the Kilifi Autism Study and 151 from the NeuroDev Study who had a diagnosis of at least one NDD and 112 and 73 with no NDD diagnosis from each study, respectively. Potential risk factors were identified using unadjusted univariable analysis and adjusted multivariable logistic regression analysis. Univariable analysis in the Kilifi Autism Study sample revealed hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy conferred the largest odds ratio (OR) 10.52 (95%CI 4.04 - 27.41) for NDDs, followed by medical complications during pregnancy (gestational hypertension & diabetes, eclampsia, and maternal bleeding) OR: 3.17 (95%CI 1.61 - 6.23). In the NeuroDev study sample, labour and birth complications (OR: 7.30 (2.17 - 24.61)), neonatal jaundice (OR: 5.49 (95%CI 1.61 - 18.72)) and infection during pregnancy (OR: 5.31 (1.56 - 18.11)) conferred the largest risk associated with NDDs. In the adjusted analysis, seizures before age 3 years in the Kilifi Autism study and labour and birth complications in the NeuroDev study conferred the largest increased risk. Higher parity, the child being older and delivery at home were associated with a reduced risk for NDDs. Conclusion: Recognition of important risk factors such as labour and birth complications could guide preventative interventions, developmental screening of at-risk children and monitoring progress. Further studies examining the aetiology of NDDs in population-based samples, including investigating the interaction between genetic and environmental factors, are needed. Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest Statement The authors declare no competing interests.
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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