Ventilation does not affect close-range transmission of influenza virus in a ferret playpen setup.

Autor:	Rockey NC; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219., Le Sage V; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219., Shephard M; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322., Vargas-Maldonado N; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322., Vu MN; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322., Brown CA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322., Patel K; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322., French AJ; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219., Merrbach GA; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219., Walter S; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219., Ferreri LM; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322., Holmes KE; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322., VanInsberghe D; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322., Clack HL; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109., Prussin AJ 2nd; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061., Lowen AC; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322., Marr LC; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061., Lakdawala SS; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America [Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A] 2024 Aug 13; Vol. 121 (33), pp. e2322660121. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Aug 06.
DOI:	10.1073/pnas.2322660121
Abstrakt:	Sustained community spread of influenza viruses relies on efficient person-to-person transmission. Current experimental transmission systems do not mimic environmental conditions (e.g., air exchange rates, flow patterns), host behaviors, or exposure durations relevant to real-world settings. Therefore, results from these traditional systems may not be representative of influenza virus transmission in humans. To address this pitfall, we developed a close-range transmission setup that implements a play-based scenario and used it to investigate the impact of ventilation rates on transmission. In this setup, four immunologically naive recipient ferrets were exposed to a donor ferret infected with a genetically barcoded 2009 H1N1 virus (H1N1pdm09) for 4 h. The ferrets interacted in a shared space that included toys, similar to a childcare setting. Transmission efficiency was assessed under low and high ventilation, with air exchange rates of ~1.3 h -1 and 23 h -1 , respectively. Transmission efficiencies observed in three independent replicate studies were similar between ventilation conditions. The presence of infectious virus or viral RNA on surfaces and in air throughout the exposure area was also not impacted by the ventilation rate. While high viral genetic diversity in donor ferret nasal washes was maintained during infection, recipient ferret nasal washes displayed low diversity, revealing a narrow transmission bottleneck regardless of ventilation rate. Examining the frequency and duration of ferret physical touches revealed no link between these interactions and a successful transmission event. Our findings indicate that exposures characterized by frequent, close-range interactions and the presence of fomites can overcome the benefits of increased ventilation. Competing Interests: Competing interests statement:The authors declare no competing interest.
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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