| Autor: |
Naseer S; School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China., Zhang Y; School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China., Cui J; School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China. cuijing@njnu.edu.cn., Wei Z; School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China. zgwei@njnu.edu.cn., Ali S; School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China. |
| Jazyk: |
angličtina |
| Zdroj: |
Environmental monitoring and assessment [Environ Monit Assess] 2024 Sep 30; Vol. 196 (10), pp. 991. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Sep 30. |
| DOI: |
10.1007/s10661-024-13167-z |
| Abstrakt: |
Excess nutrients such as phosphate (PO 4 3-) entering surface waters promote eutrophication, and phosphorous (P) removal is important to clear the water. Phytoremediation efforts have been used to improve water quality by varieties of P removal plants, such as water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk). Water spinach can reduce both internal and external resources of phosphorus from waterbody. The ion of lanthanum (La), one rare earth element (REE), is an immobilization substance for aqueous phosphate and also a fertilizer for plants. Therefore, lanthanum nitrate La (NO 3 ) 3 was used further to improve the phytoextraction of P from the polluted water. This study investigated the effects of La on the aqueous P removal by two genotypes of water spinach, green stem large leaves (GSLL) and green stem willow leaves (GSWL). The low concentration La (NO 3 ) 3 helped the plant to remove more phosphorous from eutrophic water, but La at high concentration lowered the removal of P. Under La (NO 3 ) 3 treatments, the optimum concentration for maximum P removal in GSLL is 3 mg/L, and for GSWL, it is 10 mg/L and P removal rates were enhanced to 95% and 96%, respectively. When the concentration of La (NO 3 ) 3 is 100 mg/L, the removal percentage of P was only 10% for both genotypes. The very high concentration of La will impose toxicity and even cause the death of the water spinach and produce secondary pollution; for example, under some specific circumstances, the bond between lanthanum and nitrates dissociates into lanthanum ions (La 3 ⁺) and nitrate ions (NO₃⁻). If the concentration is high, then it accumulates in the aquatic water organisms and plants and causes toxicity in their bodies. If humans eat up these plants and fish, it causes toxic effects in humans. The La (NO 3 ) 3 positively affects different parameters of plants. La (NO 3 ) 3 increases the growth, pigments, enzyme activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) of plants which were also discussed in this study. The biological mechanism should be responsible for the enhanced aqueous phosphorus removal by water spinach using lanthanum nitrate.
(© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.) |
| Databáze: |
MEDLINE |
| Externí odkaz: |
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