Impact of diet adherence on weight and lipids among African American participants randomized to vegan or omnivorous diets.

Autor: Turner-McGrievy GM; Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior University of South Carolina Columbia South Carolina USA.; Prevention Research Center University of South Carolina Columbia South Carolina USA., Wilcox S; Prevention Research Center University of South Carolina Columbia South Carolina USA.; Department of Exercise Science University of South Carolina Columbia South Carolina USA., Frongillo EA; Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior University of South Carolina Columbia South Carolina USA., Murphy EA; School of Medicine University of South Carolina University of South Carolina Columbia South Carolina USA., Kim Y; Prevention Research Center University of South Carolina Columbia South Carolina USA., Hu EA; Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior University of South Carolina Columbia South Carolina USA., Okpara N; Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior University of South Carolina Columbia South Carolina USA.; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior the Miriam Hospital and Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University Providence Rhode Island USA., Bailey S; Department of Health Services, Policy, and Management Arnold School of Public Health University of South Carolina Columbia South Carolina USA.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Obesity science & practice [Obes Sci Pract] 2024 Sep 27; Vol. 10 (5), pp. e70009. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Sep 27 (Print Publication: 2024).
DOI: 10.1002/osp4.70009
Abstrakt: Objective: Prior research has found that plant-based diets (PBDs) are rated as acceptable and have similar levels of adherence as compared to other therapeutic dietary approaches; however, previous studies were mostly among white populations. Plant-based diets can produce clinically meaningful weight loss, but outcomes may vary by level of adherence. The goal of this study was to examine the differences in weight and lipids among participants in the Nutritious Eating with Soul study based on adherence to their diet assignment.
Methods: African American adults ( n  = 159; 79% female) with overweight or obesity (mean BMI 36.9 ± 6.9 kg/m 2 ) were recruited to participate in a 24-month intervention. Participants were randomized to a plant-based vegan ( n  = 77) or a low-fat omnivorous ( n  = 82) diet, both emphasizing soul food cuisine. Participants attended nutrition classes and had dietary intake/adherence (three 24-h recalls; adherence score 1-5), body weight, lipids, and other secondary outcomes assessed at baseline, 6-, 12-, and 24 months. Participants who met at least half of the adherence criteria (≥2.5 out of 5) were categorized as adherents.
Results: At 24 months, adherent vegans lost 5% of their body weight, non-adherent vegans lost -0.005%, adherent omnivores lost -0.03%, and non-adherent omnivores lost -0.02%. Adherent vegans lost more weight (kg) than all other participants at both 6- (-3.32 ± 0.92 (-5.14, -1.49), p  < 0.001) and 24 months (-3.27 ± 1.49 (-6.23, -0.31), p  = 0.03). Adherent vegans also lost more weight than less adherent vegans (-3.74 ± 1.05 (-5.82, -1.65)), adherent omnivores (-4.00 ± 1.27 (-6.51, -1.48)), and less adherent omnivores (-2.22 ± 0.98 (-4.15, -0.28)) at 6 months and lost more weight than less adherent vegans at 24 months (-4.96 ± 1.8 (-8.54, -1.37)) (all p  < 0.05). Adherent vegans had greater improvements in cholesterol-to-HDL ratio at 24 months (-0.47 ± 0.22 (-0.92, -0.03), p  = 0.04) and greater decreases in insulin (-4.57 ± 2.16 (-8.85, -0.29), p  = 0.04) at 6 months than all other participants combined.
Conclusions: The study points to the benefit of the use of a PBD for reducing weight, lipids, and insulin in African American adults, but also highlights the importance of supporting adherence to the PBD.
Clinical Trialsgov Id: Nutritious Eating With Soul (The NEW Soul Study); NCT03354377.
Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
(© 2024 The Author(s). Obesity Science & Practice published by World Obesity and The Obesity Society and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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