| Autor: |
Carrillo-Lopez LM; Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías-Botánica, Colegio de Postgraduados Campus Montecillo, Carretera Mexico-Texcoco Km. 36.5, Texcoco 56230, Mexico., Villanueva-Verduzco C; Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Carretera México-Texcoco Km. 38.5, Chapingo 56230, Estado de México, Mexico., Villanueva-Sánchez E; Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías-Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación y Servicio Agroalimentario y Forestal, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Carretera México-Texcoco Km. 38.5, Chapingo 56230, Estado de México, Mexico., Fajardo-Franco ML; Posgrado en Manejo Sustentable de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Intercultural del Estado de Puebla, Calle Principal a Lipuntlahuaca, Huehuetla 73475, Puebla, Mexico., Aguilar-Tlatelpa M; Posgrado en Manejo Sustentable de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Intercultural del Estado de Puebla, Calle Principal a Lipuntlahuaca, Huehuetla 73475, Puebla, Mexico., Ventura-Aguilar RI; CONAHCYT-Recursos Genéticos y Productividad-Fruticultura, Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Carretera Mexico-Texcoco Km. 36.5, Texcoco 56230, Mexico., Soto-Hernández RM; Botánica, Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Carretera Mexico-Texcoco Km. 36.5, Texcoco 56230, Mexico. |
| Abstrakt: |
Currently, the excessive use of pesticides has generated environmental pollution and harmful effects on human health. The controlled release of active ingredients through the use of nanomaterials (NMs) appears to reduce human exposure and ecosystem alteration. Although the use of NMs can offer an alternative to traditional methods of disease diagnosis and control, it is necessary to review the current approach to the application of these NMs. This review describes the most recent and significant advances in using NMs for diagnosing and treating plant diseases (bacteria, phytopathogenic fungi, viruses, and phytopathogenic nematodes) in cultivated plants. Most studies have focused on reducing, delaying, or eliminating bacteria, fungi, viruses, and nematodes in plants. Both metallic (including metal oxides) and organic nanoparticles (NPs) and composites are widely used in diagnosing and controlling plant diseases due to their biocompatibility and ease of synthesis. Few studies have been carried out with regard to carbon-based NPs due to their toxicity, so future studies should address the development of detection tools, ecological and economic impacts, and human health. The synergistic effect of NMs as fertilizers and pesticides opens new areas of knowledge on the mechanisms of action (plant-pathogen-NMs interaction), the interaction of NMs with nutrients, the effects on plant metabolism, and the traceability of NMs to implement sustainable approaches. More studies are needed involving in vivo models under international regulations to ensure their safety. There is still controversy in the release of NMs into the environment because they could threaten the stability and functioning of biological systems, so research in this area needs to be improved. |
