| Autor: |
Screpis GA; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies 'G.F. Ingrassia', University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87, 95123 Catania, Italy., Aleo A; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies 'G.F. Ingrassia', University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87, 95123 Catania, Italy., Privitera N; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies 'G.F. Ingrassia', University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87, 95123 Catania, Italy., Capuano GE; Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (CNR-IMM), HQ, National Research Council of Italy, VIII Street Z.I., 5, 95121 Catania, Italy., Farina R; Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (CNR-IMM), HQ, National Research Council of Italy, VIII Street Z.I., 5, 95121 Catania, Italy.; Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy., Corso D; Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (CNR-IMM), HQ, National Research Council of Italy, VIII Street Z.I., 5, 95121 Catania, Italy., Libertino S; Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (CNR-IMM), HQ, National Research Council of Italy, VIII Street Z.I., 5, 95121 Catania, Italy., Coniglio MA; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies 'G.F. Ingrassia', University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87, 95123 Catania, Italy.; Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (CNR-IMM), HQ, National Research Council of Italy, VIII Street Z.I., 5, 95121 Catania, Italy.; Regional Reference Laboratory of Clinical and Environmental Surveillance of Legionellosis, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico 'G. Rodolico-San Marco', Via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy. |
| Abstrakt: |
The detection of Legionella in environmental samples, such as water, is crucial for public health monitoring and outbreak prevention. Although effective, traditional detection methods, including culture-based techniques and polymerase chain reaction, have limitations such as long processing times, trained operators, and the need for specialized laboratory equipment. Biosensing technologies offer a promising alternative due to their rapid, sensitive, cost-effectiveness, and on-site detection capabilities. To summarize the current advancements in biosensor development for detecting Legionella in environmental samples, we used ' Legionella ' AND 'biosensors' NEAR 'environmental samples' OR 'water' as keywords searching through the most relevant biomedical databases for research articles. After removing duplicates and inadequate articles from the n.1268 records identified using the PRISMA methodology exclusion criteria, we selected n.65 full-text articles which suited the inclusion criteria. Different results between the studies describing the current biosensing techniques, including optical, electrochemical, magnetic, and mass-sensitive sensors were observed. For each biosensing technique, sensitivity, specificity, and detection limits were evaluated. Furthermore, the integration of nanomaterials, microfluidics, and portable devices in biosensor systems' design were discussed, highlighting their role in enhancing detection performance. The potential challenges and future directions in the field of Legionella biosensing were also addressed, providing insights into the feasibility of implementing these technologies in routine environmental monitoring. Undoubtedly, biosensors can play a crucial role in the early detection and management of Legionella infections and outbreaks, ultimately protecting public health and safety. |
