Gastrointestinal Manifestations of Sarcoidosis: A State-of-the-Art, Comprehensive Review of the Literature-Practical Clinical Insights and Many Unmet Needs on Diagnosis and Treatment.

Autor: Nicolosi S; Pulmonology Unit, Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy., Chernovsky M; Pulmonology Unit, Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy., Angoni D; Pulmonology Unit, Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy., Hughes M; Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester & Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M6 8HD, UK., Bandini G; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy., McMahan Z; McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA., Maggisano M; Pulmonology Unit, Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy., Salton F; Pulmonology Unit, Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy., Mondini L; Pulmonology Unit, Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy., Barbieri M; Pulmonology Unit, Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy., Screm G; Pulmonology Unit, Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy., Confalonieri M; Pulmonology Unit, Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy., Baratella E; Radiology Unit, Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University Hospital of Cattinara, 34149 Trieste, Italy., Confalonieri P; Pulmonology Unit, Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy., Ruaro B; Pulmonology Unit, Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) [Pharmaceuticals (Basel)] 2024 Aug 23; Vol. 17 (9). Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Aug 23.
DOI: 10.3390/ph17091106
Abstrakt: This comprehensive literature review explores the involvement of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in sarcoidosis, a multisystem granulomatous disorder of unknown etiology. GI sarcoidosis presents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge due to its rarity and nonspecific clinical manifestations, including overlap with other gastrointestinal diseases. We conducted a comprehensive screening of articles addressing the clinical features, diagnostic approaches, and treatment strategies for GI sarcoidosis. Our findings reveal that GI sarcoidosis can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract, with the stomach and small intestine being the most involved. Clinical presentations range from asymptomatic cases to severe complications such as obstruction and perforation, with reflux being a common symptom. Diagnosis is often delayed due to the nonspecific nature of symptoms and the need for histopathological confirmation. Therapeutic approaches are poorly defined, typically involving corticosteroids as the mainstay of treatment. However, the long-term efficacy and safety of these treatments remain uncertain in this patient group, given the significant risks and complications associated with prolonged glucocorticoid therapy. There is a clear need to develop accurate diagnostic protocols to distinguish GI sarcoidosis from other conditions and to establish standardized therapeutic guidelines to optimize patient outcomes. Further research is essential to enhance our understanding and management of this complex condition.
Databáze: MEDLINE
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