Immune-Molecular Link between Thyroid and Skin Autoimmune Diseases: A Narrative Review.

Autor: Carlucci P; Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, School of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy., Spataro F; Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, School of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy., Cristallo M; Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, School of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy., Di Gioacchino M; Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), G. D'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.; Institute of Clinical Immunotherapy and Advanced Biological Treatments, 65100 Pescara, Italy., Nettis E; Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, School of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy., Gangemi S; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Journal of clinical medicine [J Clin Med] 2024 Sep 20; Vol. 13 (18). Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Sep 20.
DOI: 10.3390/jcm13185594
Abstrakt: Autoimmune skin disorders, including Psoriasis, Lichen Planus, Vitiligo, Atopic Dermatitis, and Alopecia Areata, arise from a combination of genetic predisposition, external factors, and immunological dysfunction. It is well-documented that there is a strong correlation between autoimmune thyroid diseases and a range of dermatological disorders, especially urticaria. This review investigates possible links between autoimmune thyroiditis and a broader spectrum of autoimmune skin conditions, analyzing shared genetic markers, immunological mechanisms, and clinical correlations. Common pathogenic mechanisms include disrupted immune tolerance and oxidative stress, leading to chronic inflammation. Genetic factors, such as IL-23 receptor gene variants, increase the risk for Psoriasis, Alopecia Areata, and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Additionally, CTLA-4 mutations enhance susceptibility to autoimmune thyroid and skin disorders. Shared genetic susceptibility was also reported in Lichen Planus and Vitilgo, even if different genetic loci might be involved. The breakdown of the immune system can determine a pro-inflammatory state, facilitating the development of autoimmunity and auto-antibody cross-reactions. The presence of similar antigens in skin cells and thyrocytes might explain why both tissues are affected. The significant overlap between these conditions emphasizes the necessity for a comprehensive diagnosis workup and treatment. Future research should focus on clarifying specific immunological pathways and identifying novel biomarkers.
Databáze: MEDLINE
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