Glucagon-Producing Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (Glucagonomas) are Enriched in Aggressive Neoplasms with ARX and PDX1 Co-expression, DAXX/ATRX Mutations, and ALT (Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres).

Autor: Mattiolo P; Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro, 10, 37134, Verona, Italy., Bevere M; ARC-NET Applied Research On Cancer Center, University of Verona, Verona, Italy., Mafficini A; ARC-NET Applied Research On Cancer Center, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.; Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine (DIMI), University of Verona, Verona, Italy., Verschuur AVD; Department of Pathology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands., Calicchia M; ARC-NET Applied Research On Cancer Center, University of Verona, Verona, Italy., Hackeng WM; Department of Pathology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands., Simbolo M; Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro, 10, 37134, Verona, Italy., Paiella S; Department of General and Pancreatic Surgery, The Pancreas Institute, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy., Dreijerink KMA; Department of Endocrinology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.; Department of Pathology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands., Landoni L; Department of General and Pancreatic Surgery, The Pancreas Institute, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy., Pedron S; Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro, 10, 37134, Verona, Italy., Cingarlini S; Unit of Oncology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy., Salvia R; Department of General and Pancreatic Surgery, The Pancreas Institute, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy., Milella M; Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine (DIMI), University of Verona, Verona, Italy.; Unit of Oncology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy., Lawlor RT; ARC-NET Applied Research On Cancer Center, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.; Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine (DIMI), University of Verona, Verona, Italy., Valk GD; Department of Endocrine Oncology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands., Vriens MR; Department of Endocrine Surgery, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands., Scarpa A; Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro, 10, 37134, Verona, Italy. aldo.scarpa@univr.it.; ARC-NET Applied Research On Cancer Center, University of Verona, Verona, Italy. aldo.scarpa@univr.it., Brosens LA; Department of Pathology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands. l.a.a.brosens@umcutrecht.nl.; Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. l.a.a.brosens@umcutrecht.nl., Luchini C; Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro, 10, 37134, Verona, Italy. claudio.luchini@univr.it.; ARC-NET Applied Research On Cancer Center, University of Verona, Verona, Italy. claudio.luchini@univr.it.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Endocrine pathology [Endocr Pathol] 2024 Sep 27. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Sep 27.
DOI: 10.1007/s12022-024-09826-z
Abstrakt: Glucagonomas are functioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) responsible for glucagonoma syndrome. This study aims to shed light on the clinicopathological and molecular features of these neoplasms. Six patients with glucagonomas were identified. All neoplasms were investigated with immunohistochemistry for neuroendocrine markers (Synaptophysin, Chromogranin-A), ATRX, DAXX, ARX, and PDX1 transcription factors. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) for assessing alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT), and next-generation sequencing (NGS) for molecular profiling were performed. All cases were large single masses (mean size of 8.2 cm), with necrolytic migratory erythema as the most common symptom (6/6 cases, 100%). All neoplasms were well-differentiated G1 tumors, except one case that was G2. The tumors consistently showed classic/conventional histomorphology, with solid-trabecular and nested architecture. Lymphatic and vascular invasion (6/6, 100%), perineural infiltration (4/6, 66.6%), and nodal metastasis (4/6, 66.6%) were frequently observed. Transcription factors expression showed strong ARX expression in all tumors, and PDX1 expression in 5/6 cases (83.3%), indicating co-occurring alpha- and beta-cell differentiation. NGS showed recurrent somatic MEN1 and ATRX/DAXX biallelic inactivation. Cases with ATRX or DAXX mutations also showed matched loss of ATRX or DAXX protein expression and ALT. One case harbored somatic MUTYH inactivation and showed a high tumor mutational burden (TMB, 41.0 mut/Mb). During follow-up, one patient died of the disease, and four patients developed distant metastasis. Pancreatic glucagonomas are distinct PanNETs with specific clinicopathological and molecular features, including histological aspects of biological aggressiveness, co-occurring alpha- and beta-cell differentiation, MEN1 and DAXX/ATRX mutations enrichment, and the possible presence of high-TMB as an actionable marker.
(© 2024. The Author(s).)
Databáze: MEDLINE
Externí odkaz: