Coping with collapse: Functional robustness of coral-reef fish network to simulated cascade extinction.

Autor: Luza AL; Department of Ecology and Evolution, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.; Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, BIOGECO, Pessac, France., Bender MG; Department of Ecology and Evolution, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil., Ferreira CEL; Department of Marine Biology, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil., Floeter SR; Department of Ecology and Zoology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil., Francini-Filho RB; Centre for Marine Biology (CEBIMar), Universidade de São Paulo, São Sebastião, São Paulo, Brazil., Longo GO; Department of Oceanography and Limnology, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil., Pinheiro HT; Centre for Marine Biology (CEBIMar), Universidade de São Paulo, São Sebastião, São Paulo, Brazil., Quimbayo JP; Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA., Bastazini VAG; Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development (MED), Global Change and Sustainability Institute (CHANGE), Institute for Advanced Studies and Research (IIFA), University of Evora, Evora, Portugal.; Rui Nabeiro' Biodiversity Chair, University of Evora, Evora, Portugal.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Global change biology [Glob Chang Biol] 2024 Sep; Vol. 30 (9), pp. e17513.
DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17513
Abstrakt: Human activities and climate change have accelerated species losses and degradation of ecosystems to unprecedented levels. Both theoretical and empirical evidence suggest that extinction cascades contribute substantially to global species loss. The effects of extinction cascades can ripple across levels of ecological organization, causing not only the secondary loss of taxonomic diversity but also functional diversity erosion. Here, we take a step forward in coextinction analysis by estimating the functional robustness of reef fish communities to species loss. We built a tripartite network with nodes and links based on a model output predicting reef fish occupancy (113 species) as a function of coral and turf algae cover in Southwestern Atlantic reefs. This network comprised coral species, coral-associated fish (site occupancy directly related to coral cover), and co-occurring fish (occupancy indirectly related to coral cover). We used attack-tolerance curves and estimated network robustness (R) to quantify the cascading loss of reef fish taxonomic and functional diversity along three scenarios of coral species loss: degree centrality (removing first corals with more coral-associated fish), bleaching vulnerability and post-bleaching mortality (most vulnerable removed first), and random removal. Degree centrality produced the greatest losses (lowest R) in comparison with other scenarios. In this scenario, while functional diversity was robust to the direct loss of coral-associated fish (R = 0.85), the taxonomic diversity was not robust to coral loss (R = 0.54). Both taxonomic and functional diversity showed low robustness to indirect fish extinctions (R = 0.31 and R = 0.57, respectively). Projections of 100% coral species loss caused a reduction of 69% of the regional trait space area. The effects of coral loss in Southwestern Atlantic reefs went beyond the direct coral-fish relationships. Ever-growing human impacts on reef ecosystems can cause extinction cascades with detrimental consequences for fish assemblages that benefit from corals.
(© 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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