Optimizing vertical farm cultivation of Cichorium spinosum L.: White Light's influence and nutrition management.

Autor:	Voutsinos-Frantzis O; Laboratory of Vegetable Production, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855, Athens, Greece., Savvas D; Laboratory of Vegetable Production, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855, Athens, Greece., Liakopoulos G; Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Agricultural University of Athens, Department of Crop Science, Iera Odos 75, 11855, Athens, Greece., Karavidas I; Laboratory of Vegetable Production, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855, Athens, Greece., Ntanasi T; Laboratory of Vegetable Production, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855, Athens, Greece., Sabatino L; Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences (SAAF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 5, 90128, Palermo, Italy., Marcelis LFM; Horticulture and Product Physiology Group, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 16 6700AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands., Ntatsi G; Laboratory of Vegetable Production, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855, Athens, Greece.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Heliyon [Heliyon] 2024 Aug 30; Vol. 10 (17), pp. e37146. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Aug 30 (Print Publication: 2024).
DOI:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37146
Abstrakt:	The objective of this study was to examine the integration of a wild leafy vegetable, Cichorium spinosum L., in vertical farms. This research comprises two experiments focusing on different "white" light products and nutrient solutions. During both experiments, the temperature varied between 25 and 28 °C, relative humidity ranged from 50 to 70 %, carbon dioxide was at 450 ppm, and light intensity was set at 300 μmol m -2  s -1 respectively. In the lighting experiment, the three spectra used had the commercial names Neutral, Full and a SunLike™, and their spectral composition (blue:green:red:far-red) were 14:32:43:10, 16:36:40:8, and 21:34:36:7 respectively. The photoperiod was set to 12 h and the plant density was 50 plants m -2 . Results showed no significant impact on agronomical parameters and leaf anatomy. The stomatal length and width decreased as the red:blue ratio of the light sources decreased, being greater in the Neutral treatment (red:blue ratio of 3.1) compared to the Full and SunLike™ (red:blue ratios of 2.5 and 1.7 respectively). Based on these results the preferable "white light" product was the one with the highest efficiency and lowest market price at the time of the experiment. In the nutrient solution experiment, the agronomical and nutritional attributes of stamnagathi plants supplied with a control nutrient solution, "N10-Fe15" were compared to plants cultivated under limited nitrogen, "N4-Fe15" and elevated iron, "N10-Fe48", EC was 1.5 ds m -1 , and pH was 5.6-6.5. The experiment simulated commercial practices by increasing the photoperiod to 15 h and plant density to 100 plants per square meter. The results did not demonstrate significant effect of the nutrient solution differences on the agronomical characteristics except from a decrease in total Kjeldahl nitrogen under limited nitrogen conditions. Notably, leaf tissue phosphorus content increased under elevated iron conditions. The nitrate content remained within safe for consumption thresholds for all treatments. Based on these results, stamnagathi can be integrated in vertical farms under limited nitrogen conditions. Stamnagathi's resilience to elevated iron in the nutrient solution demonstrated its potential for future biofortification experiments. Competing Interests: The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Georgia Ntatsi, the coresponding author of this manuscipt, is Associate Editor for Heliyon Agriculture (a section of Heliyon). If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. (© 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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