Unexpected sustained soil carbon flux in response to simultaneous warming and nitrogen enrichment compared with single factors alone.

Autor: Knorr MA; Center for Soil Biogeochemistry and Microbial Ecology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA. mel.knorr@unh.edu.; Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA. mel.knorr@unh.edu., Contosta AR; Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA.; Earth Systems Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA., Morrison EW; Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA., Muratore TJ; Center for Soil Biogeochemistry and Microbial Ecology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA.; Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA., Anthony MA; Center for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria., Stoica I; Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences and Environmental NMR Centre, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada., Geyer KM; Department of Environmental Science and Sustainability, Allegheny College, Meadville, PA, USA., Simpson MJ; Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences and Environmental NMR Centre, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada., Frey SD; Center for Soil Biogeochemistry and Microbial Ecology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA. serita.frey@unh.edu.; Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA. serita.frey@unh.edu.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Nature ecology & evolution [Nat Ecol Evol] 2024 Sep 24. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Sep 24.
DOI: 10.1038/s41559-024-02546-x
Abstrakt: Recent observations document that long-term soil warming in a temperate deciduous forest leads to significant soil carbon loss, whereas chronic soil nitrogen enrichment leads to significant soil carbon gain. Most global change experiments like these are single factor, investigating the impacts of one stressor in isolation of others. Because warming and ecosystem nitrogen enrichment are happening concurrently in many parts of the world, we designed a field experiment to test how these two factors, alone and in combination, impact soil carbon cycling. Here, we show that long-term continuous soil warming or nitrogen enrichment when applied alone followed the predicted response, with warming resulting in significant soil carbon loss and nitrogen fertilization tending towards soil carbon gain. The combination treatment showed an unanticipated response, whereby soil respiratory carbon loss was significantly higher than either single factor alone, but without a concomitant decline in soil carbon storage. Observations suggest that when soils are exposed to both factors simultaneously, plant carbon inputs to the soil are enhanced, counterbalancing soil carbon loss and helping maintain soil carbon stocks near control levels. This has implications for both atmospheric CO 2 emissions and soil fertility and shows that coupling two important global change drivers results in a distinctive response that was not predicted by the behaviour of the single factors in isolation.
(© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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