Sex-Specific Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Treatment in Females With T2DM and CVD: Developments and Knowledge Gaps.

Autor:	LeBlanc ES; Science Programs Department, Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research NW, Portland, OR 97227, USA., Brooks N; Science Programs Department, Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research NW, Portland, OR 97227, USA., Davies M; Science Programs Department, Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research NW, Portland, OR 97227, USA., Chatterjee R; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27701, USA.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism [J Clin Endocrinol Metab] 2024 Nov 18; Vol. 109 (12), pp. e2167-e2177.
DOI:	10.1210/clinem/dgae655
Abstrakt:	Purpose: There are large disparities in the impact of diabetes on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and outcomes by sex and gender. Achieving health equity requires understanding risks and medication efficacy in female patients, especially now, as novel pharmacologic treatments are transforming the diabetes and CVD treatment landscape. This review examines 2 bodies of research that can inform sex differences in CVD in patients with diabetes: female-specific risk factors for CVD and sex-related limitations of clinical trial research in evaluating novel diabetes and CVD treatments. Methods: Two literature searches were performed using Ovid Medline(R) All. The first retrieved manuscripts covering sex and gender differences related to CVD risk and therapies and diabetes. The second focused on randomized controlled trial data on sex/gender differences and GLP-1/SGLT-2/DPP-4 drugs. Results: Female-specific risk factors for CVD include early menarche, premature or early menopause, irregular cycles and polycystic ovary syndrome; pregnancy; adverse pregnancy outcomes; history of breast cancer; and autoimmune diseases. Clinical trials of novel pharmacological treatments for diabetes and CVD have undersampled female populations, and clinical characteristics of male and female participants have differed significantly. Thus, evidence to evaluate potential sex differences in treatment efficacy and side effects has been lacking. Conclusion: To improve health of female patients with diabetes, sex-specific cardiovascular risk factors should be taken into account in screening and treatment decisions. Further, studies of cardiovascular and diabetes medications must ensure adequate representation by sex and report participant characteristics and outcomes by sex. (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Endocrine Society. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com. See the journal About page for additional terms.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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