Unraveling the occurrence of hyperhydricity in oil palm somatic embryos during somatic embryogenesis process.

Autor: Lelis TM; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, CEP 70910-900, Brazil., Santos IR; Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, PBI, Av. W/5 Norte Final CEP, Brasília, DF, 70770-917, Brazil., Silva-Cardoso IMA; Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, PBI, Av. W/5 Norte Final CEP, Brasília, DF, 70770-917, Brazil., de Souza ALX; Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, PBI, Av. W/5 Norte Final CEP, Brasília, DF, 70770-917, Brazil., Gomes ACMM; Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, PBI, Av. W/5 Norte Final CEP, Brasília, DF, 70770-917, Brazil., Mehta A; Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, PBI, Av. W/5 Norte Final CEP, Brasília, DF, 70770-917, Brazil. angela.mehta@embrapa.br., Scherwinski-Pereira JE; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, CEP 70910-900, Brazil. jonny.pereira@embrapa.br.; Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, PBI, Av. W/5 Norte Final CEP, Brasília, DF, 70770-917, Brazil. jonny.pereira@embrapa.br.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Protoplasma [Protoplasma] 2024 Sep 23. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Sep 23.
DOI: 10.1007/s00709-024-01991-6
Abstrakt: The propagation of oil palm through somatic embryogenesis is the most effective method of cloning this palm tree; however, in vitro cultivation can lead to abnormalities in plant tissue, such as hyperhydricity. The present study aimed to evaluate the difference in anatomical, morphological, and histochemical characteristics, and gene expression in normal (Nm) and hyperhydric (Hh) somatic embryos of oil palm. For this purpose, Nm and Hh somatic embryos were collected from the differentiation medium and were submitted to anatomical and histochemical analyses to assess the nucleus/cytoplasm ratio (toluidine blue), starch (Lugol), and proteins (XP), as well as ultrastructural analyses via transmission electron microscopy. Additionally, gene expression analyses were performed to gain a better understanding on the molecular aspect of hyperhydric abnormality. A higher quantity of differentiated Nm somatic embryos per explant was observed, with a germination rate close to zero in Hh somatic embryos. Additionally, a higher accumulation of proteins and starch was found in Nm somatic embryos when compared to Hh embryos. It was also noted that in Nm somatic embryos, protein reserves were primarily located in the proximal region (embryonic axis), whereas starch reserves were mainly accumulated in the distal region of the somatic embryos. Hh somatic embryos exhibit insignificant starch reserves, and a greater number of intercellular spaces were observed compared to Nm somatic embryos. However, some Hh somatic embryos displayed histochemical characteristics similar to Nm, which could explain the occurrence of reversions from the Hh state to the Nm state observed in this study. Regarding molecular analyses, the gene expression results obtained showed that out of the 19 genes analyzed, 17 were upregulated in hyperhydric embryos when compared to the control condition (normal somatic embryos). Genes involved in stress response, energy metabolism, defense, membrane transport, hormonal regulation, and development were positively regulated, especially those involved in ethylene synthesis and energetic metabolism. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first in-depth study addressing hyperhydricity in oil palm during somatic embryogenesis.
(© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
Externí odkaz: