Infection prevention and control risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection in health workers: a global, multicentre case-control study.

Autor: Cassini A; Infection Prevention and Control Hub and Task Force, Integrated Health Services, UHC/Life Course, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland; Public Health Department, Canton of Vaud, 2 Avenues des Casernes, 1014 Lausanne, Switzerland; Infectious Diseases Service, Lausanne University Hospital, 46 Rue Du Bugnon, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland., Yin M; Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, United Kingdom; Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Rajvithi Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medicine Cluster, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119074, Singapore; Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore., Simniceanu A; Infection Prevention and Control Hub and Task Force, Integrated Health Services, UHC/Life Course, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland; Emerging Diseases and Zoonoses Unit, Epidemic and Pandemic Preparedness and Prevention Department, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland., Gon G; Department of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom., Cowling BJ; WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China., Allegranzi B; Infection Prevention and Control Hub and Task Force, Integrated Health Services, UHC/Life Course, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. Electronic address: allegranzib@who.int.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: The Journal of hospital infection [J Hosp Infect] 2024 Sep 20. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Sep 20.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2024.04.031
Abstrakt: Background: Health workers were at higher risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection during the COVID-19 pandemic due to occupational risk factors. As part of the WHO Unity Studies initiative, we aimed to characterise these risk factors.
Methods: This global, multicentre, nested, case-control study was conducted in 121 healthcare facilities in 21 countries. Cases were health workers who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection with a documented occupational exposure to COVID-19 patients in the 14 days pre-enrolment. Controls were enrolled from the same facility with a similar exposure but negative serology. Case and control status was confirmed with serological testing at baseline and after 3-4 weeks. Demographic and infection risk factor data were collected using structured questionnaires.
Findings: Between June 2020 and December 2021, data were obtained for 1213 cases and 1844 controls. SARS-CoV-2 infection risk was associated with non-adherence to personal protective equipment (PPE) guidelines (aOR 1·67 [95% CI 1·32-2·12]) and not consistently performing hand hygiene after patient contact (aOR 2·52 [1·72-3·68]). Direct close contact with COVID-19 patients was also associated with an increased risk, particularly during prolonged contact (>15 min.). Items associated with a lower risk were respirators during aerosol-generating procedures and gloves, gowns or coveralls during contact with contaminated materials/surfaces. No difference was observed among health workers using respirators versus surgical masks for routine care.
Conclusion: Appropriate implementation of infection prevention and control measures and PPE use remain a priority to protect health workers from SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors have no conflicts of interests to declare.
(Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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