| Autor: |
Mattos MMG; Divisão de Catálise, Biocatálise e Processos Químicos (DICAP), Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.; Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil., Filho SA; Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil., Martins GR; Divisão de Catálise, Biocatálise e Processos Químicos (DICAP), Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.; Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil., Venturi LS; Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil., Canetti VB; Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil., Ferreira FA; Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil., Foguel D; Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil., Silva ASD; Divisão de Catálise, Biocatálise e Processos Químicos (DICAP), Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.; Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. |
| Abstrakt: |
Procyanidins (PCs) have emerged as agents with potential antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities, although their mechanisms of action and structure-activity relationships remain poorly understood. This review assessed the potential mechanisms of action and applications of these compounds to explore these aspects. Studies on the antimicrobial properties of PCs suggest that they are involved in osmotic imbalance, DNA interactions and metabolic disruption. Although less studied, their antibiofilm activities include antiadhesive effects and the modulation of mobility and quorum sensing. However, most research has used uncharacterized plant extracts for in vitro assays, limiting the understanding of the structure-activity relationships of PCs and their in vivo mechanisms. Clinical trials on the antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties of PCs have not clarified these issues due to nonstandardized methodologies, inadequate chemical characterization, and the limited number of studies, preventing a consensus and evaluation of the in vivo effects. Additionally, patent analysis revealed that technological developments in the antimicrobial and antibiofilm uses of PCs are concentrated in health care and dental care, but new biotechnological uses are emerging. Therefore, while PCs are promising antimicrobial and antibiofilm compounds, further research into their chemical structures and mechanisms of action is crucial for evidence-based applications in biotechnology and health care. |
